大学英语精读听力第四册 unit2
[00:00.00]Unit Two
[00:21.73]Text
[00:23.22]Is there anything we can learn from deer?
[00:26.88]During the "energy crisis" of 1973-1974
[00:31.74]the writer of this essay was living in northern Minnesota
[00:35.29]and was able to observe how deer survive when winter arrives.
[00:39.39]The lessons he learns about the way deer conserve energy turn out applicable to our everyday life
[00:46.29]DEER AND THE ENERGY CYCLE Aaron N. Moen
[00:51.88]Some persons say that love makes the world go round.
[00:55.85]Others of a less romantic and more practical turn of mind
[00:59.43]say that it isn\'t love; it\'s money.
[01:02.17]But the truth is that it is energy that makes the world go round.
[01:06.22]Energy is the currency of the ecological system
[01:09.56]and life becomes possible only when food is converted into energy,
[01:14.19]which in turn is used to seek more food to grow, to reproduce and to survive.
[01:20.48]On this cycle all life depends.
[01:23.33]It is fairly well known that wild animals survive
[01:27.12]from year to year by eating as much as they can during times of plenty,
[01:31.27]the summer and fall, storing the excess, usually in the form of fat,
[01:36.42]and then using these reserves of fat
[01:38.98]to survive during the hard times in winter when food is scarce.
[01:43.58]But, it is probably less well known that even with their stored fat,
[01:48.04]wild animals spend less energy to live in winter than in summer.
[01:52.33]A good case in point is the white-tailed deer.
[01:55.98]Like most wildlife, deer reproduce,
[01:59.14]grow,and store fat in the summer and fall when there\'s plenty of nutritious food available
[02:04.81]A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November
[02:10.09]and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June,
[02:14.82]must search for food for the necessary energy
[02:17.77]not only to meet her body\'s needs but also to produce milk for her fawns.
[02:23.10]The best milk production occurs at the same time that new plant growth is available.
[02:28.66]This is good timing,because milk production is an energy consuming process--
[02:33.91]it requires a lot of food.
[02:36.29]The cost can not be met unless the region has ample food resources.
[02:41.36]As the summer progresses and the fawns grow,
[02:45.20]they become less dependent on their mother\'s milk
[02:47.92]and more dependent on growing plants as food sources.
[02:51.47]The adult males spend the summer growing antlers and getting fat.
[02:55.93]Both males and females continue to eat high quality food in the fall
[03:00.56]in order to deposit body fat for the winter.
[03:03.80]In the case of does and fawns,
[03:06.23]a great deal of energy is expended either in milk production or in growing,
[03:11.29]and fat is not accumulated as quickly as it is in full grown males.
[03:16.26]Fat reserves\'re like bank accounts to be drawn on in the winter when food supplies are limited
[03:22.42]and sometimes difficult to reach because of deep snow.
[03:25.95]As fall turns into winter,other changes take place.
[03:30.00]Fawns lose their spotted coat.
[03:32.27]Hair on all the deer becomes darker and thicker.
[03:35.67]The change in the hair coats is usually complete by September
[03:39.90]and maximum hair depths are reached by November or December when the weather becomes cold
[03:45.57]But in addition, nature provides a further safeguard to help deer survive the winter--
[03:51.34]an internal physiological response which lowers their metabolism,
[03:56.49]or rate of bodily functioning,
[03:58.42]and hence slows down their expenditure of energy.
[04:01.97]The deer become somewhat slow and drowsy.
[04:04.72]The heart rate drops.
[04:06.52]Animals that hibernate practice energy conservation to a greater extreme than deer do.
[04:12.40]Although deer don\'t hibernate,
[04:14.33]they do the same thing with their seasonal rhythms in metabolism.
[04:18.48]Deer spend more energy and store fat in the summer and fall when food is abundant,
[04:24.28]and pend less energy and use stored fat in the winter when food is less available.
[04:29.95]When the "energy crisis" first came in 1973-1974,
[04:36.50]I was living with my family in a cabin
[04:38.88]on the edge of an area where deer spend the winter in northern Minnesota,
[04:43.19]observing the deer as their behavior changed
[04:45.93]from more activity in summer and fall to less as winter progressed,
[04:50.29]followed by an increase again in the spring as the snow melted.
[04:54.97]It was interesting and rather amusing to listen to the advice given on the radio:
[05:00.04]"Drive only when necessary," we were told.
[05:02.78]"Put on more clothes to stay warm,and turn the thermostat on your furnace down."
[05:07.93]Meanwhile we watched the deer reduce their activity,
[05:11.61]grow a winter coat of hair,
[05:13.46]and reduce their metabolism as they have for thousands of years.
[05:17.59]It\'s biologically reasonable for deer to reduce their cost of living
[05:22.09]to increase their chances of surviving in winter.
[05:25.27]Not every winter iscritical for deer ofcourse.
[05:28.54]If the winter has light snow, survival and productivity next spring will be high.
[05:33.58]But if deep snows come and the weather remains cold for several weeks,
[05:37.84]then the deer must spend more energy to move about,
[05:41.29]food will be harder to find,
[05:43.22]and they must then depend more on their fat reserves to pull them through.
[05:47.66]If such conditions go on for too long some will die,
[05:51.58]and only the largest and strongest are likely to survive.
[05:55.63]That is a fundamental rule of life for wild,
[05:58.87]free wandering animals such as deer.
[06:01.29]Yes, life -- and death, too -- is a cycle that goes round and round,
[06:06.05]and when animals die their bodies become food for other life forms to use
[06:10.78]by converting them into energy. And the cycle continues.
[06:16.03]New Words
[06:16.08]deer
[06:17.04]n.(sing. or pl.)鹿
[06:18.01]romantic
[06:18.65]a.浪漫的,幻想的
[06:19.29]turn
[06:20.01](天生)倾向n.
[06:20.73]currency
[06:21.54]n. 通货,货币
[06:22.35]ecological
[06:23.07]a.生态的
[06:23.78]ecology
[06:24.50]n.生态学
[06:25.22]convert
[06:26.03]vt.使转变 使改变信仰
[06:26.84]excess
[06:27.66]n.过度,过量
[06:28.49]reserve
[06:29.20]n. 储备(物)
[06:29.92]scarce
[06:30.86]a.缺乏的
[06:31.80]wildlife
[06:32.54]--n. animals and plants which live and grow wild
[06:33.27]nutritious
[06:33.95]a.有营养的
[06:34.62]mature
[06:35.50]a.成熟的,成年的
[06:36.38]female
[06:37.04]a.女性的,雌性的
[06:37.71]conceive
[06:38.44]vt.怀胎,构思
[06:39.17]fawn
[06:39.21]--a young deer less than a year old
[06:39.24]timing
[06:39.83]n.时机的选择
[06:40.42]consume
[06:41.04]vt.消耗,消费
[06:41.67]region
[06:42.34]n. 身体的部位
[06:43.00]ample
[06:43.74]a. 充裕的
[06:44.47]resource
[06:45.32]n.资源
[06:46.16]dependent
[06:46.80]--a.relying on another for suporting
[06:47.44]male
[06:48.11]a.男性的,雄性的
[06:48.78]antler
[06:49.26]n.鹿角,鹿茸
[06:49.74]deposit
[06:50.51]vt.沉积
[06:51.28]doe
[06:51.75]--n.a fully frown female deer
[06:52.23]expend
[06:53.11]vt.花费耗尽
[06:54.00]accumulate
[06:54.68]v.积累,积聚
[06:55.36]account
[06:56.08]n.帐户,存款
[06:56.80]spotted
[06:57.48]--a.marked with spots
[06:58.15]depth
[06:58.78]n.深度
[06:59.41]safeguard
[07:00.32]n.预防措施
[07:01.24]internal
[07:01.88]a. 体内的
[07:02.52]physiological
[07:03.44]a.生理的
[07:04.37]metabolism
[07:05.33]n. 新陈代谢
[07:06.28]hence
[07:06.87]ad.因此
[07:07.45]expenditure
[07:08.29]n.花费,用光
[07:09.13]somewhat
[07:09.86]ad. 有点稍微
[07:10.59]drowsy
[07:11.31]a.困倦的,催眠的
[07:12.03]hibernate
[07:12.72]vi.冬眠
[07:13.41]extreme
[07:14.21]n.极端
[07:15.00]seasonal
[07:15.63]a.季节性的
[07:16.26]rhythm
[07:16.87]n. 节奏
[07:17.49]abundant
[07:18.11]a.充足的,丰富的
[07:18.74]cabin
[07:19.42]茅舍,小木屋
[07:20.10]melt
[07:20.72]v.使...融化
[07:21.35]amusing
[07:22.03]a.逗人笑的,引起乐趣的
[07:22.71]amuse
[07:23.49]--vt.cause to laugh or smile
[07:24.28]thermostat
[07:25.06]n.恒温器
[07:25.84]biologically
[07:25.88]ad.生物学上的
[07:25.92]biological
[07:26.70]a.生物学的
[07:27.48]biology
[07:28.37]n.生物学
[07:29.26]survival
[07:29.30]n.幸存
[07:29.34]productivity
[07:30.12]n.生产力
[07:30.91]fundamental
[07:31.64]---a.basic,most important
[07:32.37]Phrases & Expressions
[07:35.43]go round
[07:36.12]---function smoothly
[07:36.81]in the form of
[07:37.76]以...的形式
[07:38.72]in point
[07:39.49]适用的,相关的
[07:40.26]in (good) condition
[07:41.49]--in good health, physically fit
[07:42.71]give birth (to)
[07:43.75]生(孩子),产生,引起
[07:44.78]draw on
[07:45.59]利用,动用
[07:46.40]slow down
[07:47.23]使慢下来 使放松
[07:48.07]turn down
[07:48.93]减弱,关小, 调低
[07:49.79]move about
[07:50.59]--travel around,go from one place to another
[07:51.39]pull through
[07:50.89]使度过危险或危机
[07:50.39]Proper Name
[07:52.42]Minnesota
[07:53.59]名尼苏达(美国州名) 大学英语精读第四册unit4 大学英语精读第四册unit6 大学英语精读第四册unit7 大学英语精读二4unit 大学英语精读四unit4 大学英语精读四un
[00:21.73]Text
[00:23.22]Is there anything we can learn from deer?
[00:26.88]During the "energy crisis" of 1973-1974
[00:31.74]the writer of this essay was living in northern Minnesota
[00:35.29]and was able to observe how deer survive when winter arrives.
[00:39.39]The lessons he learns about the way deer conserve energy turn out applicable to our everyday life
[00:46.29]DEER AND THE ENERGY CYCLE Aaron N. Moen
[00:51.88]Some persons say that love makes the world go round.
[00:55.85]Others of a less romantic and more practical turn of mind
[00:59.43]say that it isn\'t love; it\'s money.
[01:02.17]But the truth is that it is energy that makes the world go round.
[01:06.22]Energy is the currency of the ecological system
[01:09.56]and life becomes possible only when food is converted into energy,
[01:14.19]which in turn is used to seek more food to grow, to reproduce and to survive.
[01:20.48]On this cycle all life depends.
[01:23.33]It is fairly well known that wild animals survive
[01:27.12]from year to year by eating as much as they can during times of plenty,
[01:31.27]the summer and fall, storing the excess, usually in the form of fat,
[01:36.42]and then using these reserves of fat
[01:38.98]to survive during the hard times in winter when food is scarce.
[01:43.58]But, it is probably less well known that even with their stored fat,
[01:48.04]wild animals spend less energy to live in winter than in summer.
[01:52.33]A good case in point is the white-tailed deer.
[01:55.98]Like most wildlife, deer reproduce,
[01:59.14]grow,and store fat in the summer and fall when there\'s plenty of nutritious food available
[02:04.81]A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November
[02:10.09]and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June,
[02:14.82]must search for food for the necessary energy
[02:17.77]not only to meet her body\'s needs but also to produce milk for her fawns.
[02:23.10]The best milk production occurs at the same time that new plant growth is available.
[02:28.66]This is good timing,because milk production is an energy consuming process--
[02:33.91]it requires a lot of food.
[02:36.29]The cost can not be met unless the region has ample food resources.
[02:41.36]As the summer progresses and the fawns grow,
[02:45.20]they become less dependent on their mother\'s milk
[02:47.92]and more dependent on growing plants as food sources.
[02:51.47]The adult males spend the summer growing antlers and getting fat.
[02:55.93]Both males and females continue to eat high quality food in the fall
[03:00.56]in order to deposit body fat for the winter.
[03:03.80]In the case of does and fawns,
[03:06.23]a great deal of energy is expended either in milk production or in growing,
[03:11.29]and fat is not accumulated as quickly as it is in full grown males.
[03:16.26]Fat reserves\'re like bank accounts to be drawn on in the winter when food supplies are limited
[03:22.42]and sometimes difficult to reach because of deep snow.
[03:25.95]As fall turns into winter,other changes take place.
[03:30.00]Fawns lose their spotted coat.
[03:32.27]Hair on all the deer becomes darker and thicker.
[03:35.67]The change in the hair coats is usually complete by September
[03:39.90]and maximum hair depths are reached by November or December when the weather becomes cold
[03:45.57]But in addition, nature provides a further safeguard to help deer survive the winter--
[03:51.34]an internal physiological response which lowers their metabolism,
[03:56.49]or rate of bodily functioning,
[03:58.42]and hence slows down their expenditure of energy.
[04:01.97]The deer become somewhat slow and drowsy.
[04:04.72]The heart rate drops.
[04:06.52]Animals that hibernate practice energy conservation to a greater extreme than deer do.
[04:12.40]Although deer don\'t hibernate,
[04:14.33]they do the same thing with their seasonal rhythms in metabolism.
[04:18.48]Deer spend more energy and store fat in the summer and fall when food is abundant,
[04:24.28]and pend less energy and use stored fat in the winter when food is less available.
[04:29.95]When the "energy crisis" first came in 1973-1974,
[04:36.50]I was living with my family in a cabin
[04:38.88]on the edge of an area where deer spend the winter in northern Minnesota,
[04:43.19]observing the deer as their behavior changed
[04:45.93]from more activity in summer and fall to less as winter progressed,
[04:50.29]followed by an increase again in the spring as the snow melted.
[04:54.97]It was interesting and rather amusing to listen to the advice given on the radio:
[05:00.04]"Drive only when necessary," we were told.
[05:02.78]"Put on more clothes to stay warm,and turn the thermostat on your furnace down."
[05:07.93]Meanwhile we watched the deer reduce their activity,
[05:11.61]grow a winter coat of hair,
[05:13.46]and reduce their metabolism as they have for thousands of years.
[05:17.59]It\'s biologically reasonable for deer to reduce their cost of living
[05:22.09]to increase their chances of surviving in winter.
[05:25.27]Not every winter iscritical for deer ofcourse.
[05:28.54]If the winter has light snow, survival and productivity next spring will be high.
[05:33.58]But if deep snows come and the weather remains cold for several weeks,
[05:37.84]then the deer must spend more energy to move about,
[05:41.29]food will be harder to find,
[05:43.22]and they must then depend more on their fat reserves to pull them through.
[05:47.66]If such conditions go on for too long some will die,
[05:51.58]and only the largest and strongest are likely to survive.
[05:55.63]That is a fundamental rule of life for wild,
[05:58.87]free wandering animals such as deer.
[06:01.29]Yes, life -- and death, too -- is a cycle that goes round and round,
[06:06.05]and when animals die their bodies become food for other life forms to use
[06:10.78]by converting them into energy. And the cycle continues.
[06:16.03]New Words
[06:16.08]deer
[06:17.04]n.(sing. or pl.)鹿
[06:18.01]romantic
[06:18.65]a.浪漫的,幻想的
[06:19.29]turn
[06:20.01](天生)倾向n.
[06:20.73]currency
[06:21.54]n. 通货,货币
[06:22.35]ecological
[06:23.07]a.生态的
[06:23.78]ecology
[06:24.50]n.生态学
[06:25.22]convert
[06:26.03]vt.使转变 使改变信仰
[06:26.84]excess
[06:27.66]n.过度,过量
[06:28.49]reserve
[06:29.20]n. 储备(物)
[06:29.92]scarce
[06:30.86]a.缺乏的
[06:31.80]wildlife
[06:32.54]--n. animals and plants which live and grow wild
[06:33.27]nutritious
[06:33.95]a.有营养的
[06:34.62]mature
[06:35.50]a.成熟的,成年的
[06:36.38]female
[06:37.04]a.女性的,雌性的
[06:37.71]conceive
[06:38.44]vt.怀胎,构思
[06:39.17]fawn
[06:39.21]--a young deer less than a year old
[06:39.24]timing
[06:39.83]n.时机的选择
[06:40.42]consume
[06:41.04]vt.消耗,消费
[06:41.67]region
[06:42.34]n. 身体的部位
[06:43.00]ample
[06:43.74]a. 充裕的
[06:44.47]resource
[06:45.32]n.资源
[06:46.16]dependent
[06:46.80]--a.relying on another for suporting
[06:47.44]male
[06:48.11]a.男性的,雄性的
[06:48.78]antler
[06:49.26]n.鹿角,鹿茸
[06:49.74]deposit
[06:50.51]vt.沉积
[06:51.28]doe
[06:51.75]--n.a fully frown female deer
[06:52.23]expend
[06:53.11]vt.花费耗尽
[06:54.00]accumulate
[06:54.68]v.积累,积聚
[06:55.36]account
[06:56.08]n.帐户,存款
[06:56.80]spotted
[06:57.48]--a.marked with spots
[06:58.15]depth
[06:58.78]n.深度
[06:59.41]safeguard
[07:00.32]n.预防措施
[07:01.24]internal
[07:01.88]a. 体内的
[07:02.52]physiological
[07:03.44]a.生理的
[07:04.37]metabolism
[07:05.33]n. 新陈代谢
[07:06.28]hence
[07:06.87]ad.因此
[07:07.45]expenditure
[07:08.29]n.花费,用光
[07:09.13]somewhat
[07:09.86]ad. 有点稍微
[07:10.59]drowsy
[07:11.31]a.困倦的,催眠的
[07:12.03]hibernate
[07:12.72]vi.冬眠
[07:13.41]extreme
[07:14.21]n.极端
[07:15.00]seasonal
[07:15.63]a.季节性的
[07:16.26]rhythm
[07:16.87]n. 节奏
[07:17.49]abundant
[07:18.11]a.充足的,丰富的
[07:18.74]cabin
[07:19.42]茅舍,小木屋
[07:20.10]melt
[07:20.72]v.使...融化
[07:21.35]amusing
[07:22.03]a.逗人笑的,引起乐趣的
[07:22.71]amuse
[07:23.49]--vt.cause to laugh or smile
[07:24.28]thermostat
[07:25.06]n.恒温器
[07:25.84]biologically
[07:25.88]ad.生物学上的
[07:25.92]biological
[07:26.70]a.生物学的
[07:27.48]biology
[07:28.37]n.生物学
[07:29.26]survival
[07:29.30]n.幸存
[07:29.34]productivity
[07:30.12]n.生产力
[07:30.91]fundamental
[07:31.64]---a.basic,most important
[07:32.37]Phrases & Expressions
[07:35.43]go round
[07:36.12]---function smoothly
[07:36.81]in the form of
[07:37.76]以...的形式
[07:38.72]in point
[07:39.49]适用的,相关的
[07:40.26]in (good) condition
[07:41.49]--in good health, physically fit
[07:42.71]give birth (to)
[07:43.75]生(孩子),产生,引起
[07:44.78]draw on
[07:45.59]利用,动用
[07:46.40]slow down
[07:47.23]使慢下来 使放松
[07:48.07]turn down
[07:48.93]减弱,关小, 调低
[07:49.79]move about
[07:50.59]--travel around,go from one place to another
[07:51.39]pull through
[07:50.89]使度过危险或危机
[07:50.39]Proper Name
[07:52.42]Minnesota
[07:53.59]名尼苏达(美国州名) 大学英语精读第四册unit4 大学英语精读第四册unit6 大学英语精读第四册unit7 大学英语精读二4unit 大学英语精读四unit4 大学英语精读四un
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