贫困和内乱在各地制造更多难民

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The U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees, Antonio Guterres, warns extreme poverty, climate change and civil strife are generating more refugees around the world. He says the growing number of refugees and migrants is leading to more intolerance and xenophobia.

联合国难民事务高级专员古特雷斯警告说，极端贫困、气候变化和内乱频仍在世界各地制造更多的难民。他说，越来越多的难民和移民导致不宽容和仇外的心态。

The U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees, Antonio Guterres, says refugee numbers were going down until 2005. He says the reason is that peace agreements ended wars in places such as Sudan, Angola, Liberia and Sierra Leone and allowed millions of people to return home.

联合国难民事务高级专员古特雷斯说，在2005年之前，难民人数一直在下降。他说，难民数量下降的原因是在苏丹、安哥拉、利比里亚和塞拉利昂等地达成了结束战争的和平协议，使数以百万计的人返回家园。

He says about four million refugees went back to Afghanistan after the overthrow of the Taliban and now just over two million refugees remain, mainly in Pakistan.

他说，在推翻塔利班政权之后，大约有400万难民回到阿富汗。现在还有大约两百万阿富汗难民，他们主要滞留在巴基斯坦。

But, in the past few months, he says, there have been many arrivals of new refugees in Eastern Africa. He says people from Chad, Sudan, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Eritrea, Ethiopia and others are fleeing to escape war at home.

但是在过去几个月中，东非出现不少新的难民。他说，人们为了逃避本国发生的战乱纷纷逃离乍得、苏丹、中非共和国、喀麦隆、厄立特里亚、埃塞俄比亚等国。

Guterres says an indication of the seriousness of the situation can be seen by how many of the 300-member UNHCR emergency response teams are being called into action.

古特雷斯说，从有300个队员的联合国难民事务高级专员公署紧急应变队执行任务的数字就可以看出局势的严重性。

"Last year, we moved altogether 174 people during the whole year," he said. "Until two weeks ago we have already mobilized 150. So in the beginning of May, we have mobilized almost as much as in the whole of 2007 in having to respond to specific crises here or there. And, this corresponds to a very worrying pattern."

他说：“去年，我们全年共出动174人，然而在两个星期前，我们已经出动了150人。 因此，到5月初，我们在对这里或者那里出现的特别危机做出反应时出动的人员已经相当于整个2007年出动的人员总和。这种趋势非常令人担忧 。”

Guterres says displacement is on the rise everywhere. He attributes this to extreme poverty, aggravated by soaring food and energy prices, the growing impact of climate change, which is causing spreading drought in Africa, and civil conflict.

古特雷斯说，流离失所的现象无处不在。他把这种现象归咎于极端贫困、粮食价格和能源价格的急遽飙升、日益恶化的气候变化的影响造成干旱在非洲蔓延，以及国家内部的冲突。

He says mass migration is leading to an erosion of tolerance in communities and between communities.

他说，大规模移民导致社区内部以及社区和社区之间的容忍之心减少。

"The recent events in South Africa or the trend in many European countries for pressure for legislation restricting migration or asylum," said Guterres. "It is a global problem in developed and developing world. We are witnessing these factors of tension-security, economy, poverty, but also environmental degradation. These factors contribute to the spread of feelings of intolerance and in some more extreme situations of xenophobia."

他说：“最近在南非以及在许多欧洲国家发生立法压力以限制移民或者限制政治庇护，这是发展中国家和发达国家都存在的一个全球性问题。我们正在目睹这些因素，如安全紧张、经济、贫困等，同时还有环境恶化等，这些因素造成宽容心的缺失，甚至在一些比较极端的情况下发展成仇外心理。”

Guterres says this, in turn, further endangers peace, social stability and harmony in societies.

古特雷斯说，这反过来进一步危及和平、社会稳定和社会和谐。

Figures from 2006 show the UNHCR cares for almost 10 million refugees worldwide. This is a 14 percent increase from the year before.

2006年的数字显示，联合国难民事务高级专员公署在世界范围内安置近1000万难民，比一年前增加14 %。