新视野大学英语读写教程听力 第三册 te-unit09-b
[by:|http://www.hxen.com|||]
[00:00.00]，就把hxen.com复制到QQ个人资料中！Is the Traditional Family Structure at Risk?
[00:04.32]1 Around the world, in rich and poor countries alike,
[00:08.35]the structure of family life is undergoing extreme changes,
[00:13.00]a new analysis of research from numerous countries has concluded.
[00:18.65]2 "The idea that the family is a stable and orderly
[00:22.14]unit in which father serves as economic provider
[00:26.50]and mother serves as emotional care giver is a myth," said Judith Bruce,
[00:32.47]a leading author of the study.
[00:34.45]"The reality is that trends like unmarried mothers,
[00:38.92]rising divorce rates and smaller households are not unique to America,
[00:37.92]but are occurring worldwide."
[00:40.76]3 The report was released Tuesday by the Population Council,
[00:45.40]an international organization based in New York
[00:48.68]that studies issues related to child bearing.
[00:52.14]Its graphs combine information obtained from a variety of population
[00:57.93]and household studies from dozens of countries.
[01:01.93]4 A summary of the major findings:
[01:06.07]5 — Whether because of abandonment,separation, divorce or death of a spouse,
[01:11.61]marriages are dissolving with increasing frequency.
[01:15.79]In many developed countries,
[01:17.91]divorce rates doubled between 1970 and 1990,
[01:17.98]and in less-developed countries,
[01:19.93]about a quarter of first marriages end by the time women are in their 40s.
[01:25.72]6 — Parents in their prime working years
[01:29.22]face growing burdens caring for children,
[01:32.06]who need to be supported through more years of education,
[01:35.73]and for their own parents, who are living longer.
[01:39.30]7 — Unmarried mothers are increasingly common virtually everywhere,
[01:45.09]reaching as many as a third of all births in the north of Europe,for example.
[01:50.53]8 — Children in single-parent households —
[01:54.70]usually families with only a mother present —
[01:58.56]are much more likely to be overtaken by poverty
[02:01.47]than those who live with two parents,
[02:04.53]largely because of the loss of support from the fathers.
[02:08.20]9 — Even in households where fathers are present,
[02:13.14]mothers are carrying increasing economic responsibility for children.
[02:18.21]10 The theme that families are changing in similar ways,
[02:24.01]even in very different cultures,
[02:26.06]should bring about new thinking on social policy, experts say,
[02:30.60]and in particular an increase in the importance of families
[02:34.56]in the agenda of governments.
[02:36.61]11 The Population Council report says women around the world
[02:41.25]tend to work longer hours than men,
[02:44.02]both at home and on the job.
[02:46.58]In studies of seventeen less-developed countries,
[02:50.25]women\'s work hours exceeded men\'s by 30 percent.
[02:54.32]Data from twelve industrialized countries
[02:58.06]found that women employed in regular jobs
[03:01.45]worked about 20 percent longer hours than regularly employed men.
[03:06.24]12 Women\'s economic contributions also are becoming increasingly important.
[03:12.50]13 In Ghana, the report said,
[03:15.06]a third of households with children are maintained primarily by women.
[03:20.64]14 In the Philippines,
[03:22.44]women were found to contribute about a third of households\' cash income,
[03:27.51]but 55 percent of household support
[03:30.68]if the economic value of their activities at home,
[03:33.96]such as growing food or gathering hay to feed the family donkey,is included.
[03:39.50]15 In the United States, a survey released earlier this month
[03:44.54]found that nearly half of employed married women
[03:48.10]contribute half or more of their family\'s income.
[03:52.10]While the reasons for entering the work force may vary from country to country,
[03:58.44]women everywhere are finding that to give their children an adequate life,
[04:03.30]getting a job is no longer optional.
[04:06.18]High rates of inflation may raise prices to the point where women
[04:11.22]are forced to earn money themselves.
[04:13.66]17 "In traditional Bangladesh,
[04:16.58]a woman may need to get a job weaving textiles
[04:19.82]because her husband was much older,
[04:21.98]and died while the children were still young," Ms. Bruce said.
[04:26.66]"In Africa, an eighteen-year-old woman might need a job because
[04:31.30]she had a baby before marriage
[04:33.57]and has only a casual relationship with the father,
[04:36.96]or she might have a husband who goes on to another marriage
[04:41.02]and supports the children of that union."
[04:43.47]18 "In Asia," she added,"
[04:46.46]the husband may have migrated for better economic opportunities
[04:50.92]and stopped sending money after a year or two.
[04:53.91]And everywhere,
[04:55.89]parents are finding that there are fewer jobs
[04:58.45]that pay enough to allow a family to scrape by financially."
[05:03.20]Even among rural people in less-developed countries,she said,
[05:07.74]the need for currency is becoming more urgent.
[05:11.41]19 "Parents all over the world
[05:14.14]have an increasing awareness of the importance of learning,
[05:17.60]and that their children will need to be able to read and write
[05:21.24]and use numbers," Ms. Bruce said,
[05:24.40]"That means that instead of working with them in the fields,
[05:28.44]their 6-year-old is in school learning the alphabet and how to add and subtract.
[05:34.74]As there are usually no scholarships,
[05:37.18]the money to pay for school fees, uniforms,
[05:40.35]transportation and supplies must come from the parents\' purse."
[05:45.86]The fact that many developing countries must trim money from public education
[05:51.33]as part of their debt-reduction plans
[05:53.89]creates further pressure on families, she said.
[05:57.56]20 One apparent exception to the general trends is Japan,
[06:03.07]where single-parent households
[06:05.59]and unmarried mothers have remained relatively rare.
[06:09.66]21 The Population Council report
[06:12.10]found that while most countries have done extensive research on women as mothers,
[06:17.79]men as fathers have been virtually invisible to researchers.
[06:22.44]But studies have found that although fathers\' income
[06:26.47]usually exceeds mothers\' income,
[06:28.63]women usually contribute a larger proportion of their income to their household,
[06:34.71]while men keep more for their personal use,
[06:38.78]such as for entertainment.
[06:40.65]22 Collecting child support
[06:43.39](money paid by divorced fathers to support their children) is also difficult.
[06:48.90]Among divorced fathers, three quarters in Japan,
[06:52.71]almost two thirds in Argentina,half in Malaysia
[06:57.18]and two fifths in the United States do not pay child support, the report said.
新视野大学英语第三册 新视野大学英语第三版第三册 新视野大学英语第三版第三册答案 新视野大学英语 新视野大学英语2 新视野大学英语1 新视野大学英语3 新视野大
[00:00.00]，就把hxen.com复制到QQ个人资料中！Is the Traditional Family Structure at Risk?
[00:04.32]1 Around the world, in rich and poor countries alike,
[00:08.35]the structure of family life is undergoing extreme changes,
[00:13.00]a new analysis of research from numerous countries has concluded.
[00:18.65]2 "The idea that the family is a stable and orderly
[00:22.14]unit in which father serves as economic provider
[00:26.50]and mother serves as emotional care giver is a myth," said Judith Bruce,
[00:32.47]a leading author of the study.
[00:34.45]"The reality is that trends like unmarried mothers,
[00:38.92]rising divorce rates and smaller households are not unique to America,
[00:37.92]but are occurring worldwide."
[00:40.76]3 The report was released Tuesday by the Population Council,
[00:45.40]an international organization based in New York
[00:48.68]that studies issues related to child bearing.
[00:52.14]Its graphs combine information obtained from a variety of population
[00:57.93]and household studies from dozens of countries.
[01:01.93]4 A summary of the major findings:
[01:06.07]5 — Whether because of abandonment,separation, divorce or death of a spouse,
[01:11.61]marriages are dissolving with increasing frequency.
[01:15.79]In many developed countries,
[01:17.91]divorce rates doubled between 1970 and 1990,
[01:17.98]and in less-developed countries,
[01:19.93]about a quarter of first marriages end by the time women are in their 40s.
[01:25.72]6 — Parents in their prime working years
[01:29.22]face growing burdens caring for children,
[01:32.06]who need to be supported through more years of education,
[01:35.73]and for their own parents, who are living longer.
[01:39.30]7 — Unmarried mothers are increasingly common virtually everywhere,
[01:45.09]reaching as many as a third of all births in the north of Europe,for example.
[01:50.53]8 — Children in single-parent households —
[01:54.70]usually families with only a mother present —
[01:58.56]are much more likely to be overtaken by poverty
[02:01.47]than those who live with two parents,
[02:04.53]largely because of the loss of support from the fathers.
[02:08.20]9 — Even in households where fathers are present,
[02:13.14]mothers are carrying increasing economic responsibility for children.
[02:18.21]10 The theme that families are changing in similar ways,
[02:24.01]even in very different cultures,
[02:26.06]should bring about new thinking on social policy, experts say,
[02:30.60]and in particular an increase in the importance of families
[02:34.56]in the agenda of governments.
[02:36.61]11 The Population Council report says women around the world
[02:41.25]tend to work longer hours than men,
[02:44.02]both at home and on the job.
[02:46.58]In studies of seventeen less-developed countries,
[02:50.25]women\'s work hours exceeded men\'s by 30 percent.
[02:54.32]Data from twelve industrialized countries
[02:58.06]found that women employed in regular jobs
[03:01.45]worked about 20 percent longer hours than regularly employed men.
[03:06.24]12 Women\'s economic contributions also are becoming increasingly important.
[03:12.50]13 In Ghana, the report said,
[03:15.06]a third of households with children are maintained primarily by women.
[03:20.64]14 In the Philippines,
[03:22.44]women were found to contribute about a third of households\' cash income,
[03:27.51]but 55 percent of household support
[03:30.68]if the economic value of their activities at home,
[03:33.96]such as growing food or gathering hay to feed the family donkey,is included.
[03:39.50]15 In the United States, a survey released earlier this month
[03:44.54]found that nearly half of employed married women
[03:48.10]contribute half or more of their family\'s income.
[03:52.10]While the reasons for entering the work force may vary from country to country,
[03:58.44]women everywhere are finding that to give their children an adequate life,
[04:03.30]getting a job is no longer optional.
[04:06.18]High rates of inflation may raise prices to the point where women
[04:11.22]are forced to earn money themselves.
[04:13.66]17 "In traditional Bangladesh,
[04:16.58]a woman may need to get a job weaving textiles
[04:19.82]because her husband was much older,
[04:21.98]and died while the children were still young," Ms. Bruce said.
[04:26.66]"In Africa, an eighteen-year-old woman might need a job because
[04:31.30]she had a baby before marriage
[04:33.57]and has only a casual relationship with the father,
[04:36.96]or she might have a husband who goes on to another marriage
[04:41.02]and supports the children of that union."
[04:43.47]18 "In Asia," she added,"
[04:46.46]the husband may have migrated for better economic opportunities
[04:50.92]and stopped sending money after a year or two.
[04:53.91]And everywhere,
[04:55.89]parents are finding that there are fewer jobs
[04:58.45]that pay enough to allow a family to scrape by financially."
[05:03.20]Even among rural people in less-developed countries,she said,
[05:07.74]the need for currency is becoming more urgent.
[05:11.41]19 "Parents all over the world
[05:14.14]have an increasing awareness of the importance of learning,
[05:17.60]and that their children will need to be able to read and write
[05:21.24]and use numbers," Ms. Bruce said,
[05:24.40]"That means that instead of working with them in the fields,
[05:28.44]their 6-year-old is in school learning the alphabet and how to add and subtract.
[05:34.74]As there are usually no scholarships,
[05:37.18]the money to pay for school fees, uniforms,
[05:40.35]transportation and supplies must come from the parents\' purse."
[05:45.86]The fact that many developing countries must trim money from public education
[05:51.33]as part of their debt-reduction plans
[05:53.89]creates further pressure on families, she said.
[05:57.56]20 One apparent exception to the general trends is Japan,
[06:03.07]where single-parent households
[06:05.59]and unmarried mothers have remained relatively rare.
[06:09.66]21 The Population Council report
[06:12.10]found that while most countries have done extensive research on women as mothers,
[06:17.79]men as fathers have been virtually invisible to researchers.
[06:22.44]But studies have found that although fathers\' income
[06:26.47]usually exceeds mothers\' income,
[06:28.63]women usually contribute a larger proportion of their income to their household,
[06:34.71]while men keep more for their personal use,
[06:38.78]such as for entertainment.
[06:40.65]22 Collecting child support
[06:43.39](money paid by divorced fathers to support their children) is also difficult.
[06:48.90]Among divorced fathers, three quarters in Japan,
[06:52.71]almost two thirds in Argentina,half in Malaysia
[06:57.18]and two fifths in the United States do not pay child support, the report said.
新视野大学英语第三册 新视野大学英语第三版第三册 新视野大学英语第三版第三册答案 新视野大学英语 新视野大学英语2 新视野大学英语1 新视野大学英语3 新视野大
版权声明
本文来自投稿，不代表本站立场，转载请注明出处。
