新视野大学英语读写教程听力 第三册 te-unit08-b
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[00:00.00]，就把hxen.com复制到QQ个人资料中！Who Will Take Advantage of Human Cloning?
[00:04.10]1 Last week\'s news that scientists had cloned a sheep
[00:09.79]sent academics and the public into a panic
[00:13.46]at the prospect that humans might be next.
[00:18.22]That\'s an understandable reaction.
[00:22.68]Cloning is a radical challenge to the most fundamental laws of biology,
[00:30.46]so it\'s reasonable to be concerned
[00:33.41]that it might be a preface to activities
[00:37.08]that will threaten human society and dignity.
[00:41.47]Yet much of the moral opposition seems also to grow out of an automatic,
[00:49.25]unthinking disgust.
[00:51.91]This refusal to consider the issue logically
[00:57.28]makes it hard for even trained scientists
[01:00.80]and other experts to see the matter clearly.
[01:05.38]While human cloning might not offer great benefits to humanity,
[01:12.04]no one has yet made a convincing case
[01:15.49]that it would do any real harm, either.
[01:18.98]2 Conservative spiritual leaders have claimed
[01:24.17]that cloning a human constitutes a gross attack on human dignity.
[01:30.04]That would surely be true if a cloned individual
[01:36.12]were treated as a lesser being,
[01:38.96]with fewer rights or lower status.
[01:43.07]But why suppose that the laws that protect our rights
[01:49.73]and dignity would not be applicable to cloned persons?
[01:55.24]A leading lawyer has suggested that cloning would violate
[02:01.97]the "right to a unique genetic identity".
[02:06.14]Where did he come up with such a right?
[02:11.15]It makes perfect sense to say that adultpersons
[02:16.40]have a right not to be cloned without their voluntary,informed consent.
[02:23.50]But if such consent were given,
[02:27.85]whose "right" to genetic identity would be violated?
[02:33.11]3 Many of the vivid warnings of science-fiction
[02:38.26]concerning the prospect of human cloning turn out,
[02:41.64]upon reflection, to be wildly improbable.
[02:45.35]There\'s the fear, for instance,
[02:49.49]that parents might clone a child
[02:51.65]for the sake of having "surplus parts" in case the original child
[02:57.34]needsan organ transplant.
[03:00.29]But parents of identical twins don\'t view
[03:05.26]one child as an organ farm for the other.
[03:08.93]Why should cloned children\'s parents be any different?
[03:14.40]4 Another disturbing thought is that cloning
[03:19.37]will lead to efforts to breed individuals
[03:22.72]withgenetic qualities perceived as desirable
[03:27.50](math geniuses, soccer players, etc.).
[03:31.75]Such ideas are offensive,
[03:34.13]not only because of an unthinking disgust,
[03:37.40]but also because of the horrors carried out by the Nazis
[03:41.87]in the name of improving their race.
[03:44.82]But there\'s a vast difference between the breeding
[03:50.98]programs as practiced by some groups
[03:54.43](where the urge to breed certain types of people
[03:57.67]leads to efforts to destroy other types)
[04:01.74]and the much more harmless forms already practiced in democratic societies
[04:08.29](where, say,
[04:09.62]lawyers freely choose to have sexual relations with other lawyers).
[04:16.00]Banks stocked with the frozen sperm of geniuses already exist,
[04:23.23]but they haven\'t created a master race because few women
[04:28.09]are queuing up to get pregnant this way.
[04:31.15]Why should we think it would be different
[04:35.29]if human cloning becomes available?
[04:39.07]5 So who will likely take advantage of cloning?
[04:44.87]Perhaps a couple whose child is dying.
[04:50.16]This might seem psychologically suspect.
[04:55.45]But a cloned child born to such suspect parents
[05:00.89]stands no greater or lesser chance of being loved, or rejected,
[05:06.76]than a child created the normal way.
[05:09.60]Infertile couples are also likely to seek out cloning.
[05:15.29]That such couples have other options
[05:20.33](artificially bringing egg and sperm together, or adopting a child)
[05:26.48]is not an argument for denying them the right to clone.
[05:31.56]Or consider an example raised by Judge Richard Posner:
[05:37.93]a couple in which the husband has some unfortunate genetic defect.
[05:44.81]Currently, if this couple wants a genetically related child,
[05:51.97]they have four not altogether pleasant options.
[05:56.76]They can reproduce naturally and resign
[06:00.50]themselves to the risk of passing on the disease to the child.
[06:05.87]They can go to a sperm bank and take a chance on unknown genes.
[06:13.54]They can bring egg and sperm together artificially
[06:19.91]and dispose of any affected baby
[06:23.04]before placing it in the mother,
[06:25.31]or before birth — though that might be objectionable, too.
[06:30.17]Or they can get a male relative of the father
[06:35.24]to be a sperm donor, if such a relative exists.
[06:35.25]This is one ease where even people bothered by creating a child
[06:42.48]under the lens of a microscope might cloning
[06:46.23] as not the worst option.
[06:49.83]6 Even if human cloning offers no obvious benefits to mankind,
[06:56.85]why ban it?
[06:58.79]In a democracy we don\'t usually pass laws against something
[07:05.16]before there is actual or probable evidence of harm.
[07:10.13]Before we go any further,
[07:09.13]it might make sense to require a temporary pause
[07:12.98]on research into human cloning in order to make a systematic enquiry
[07:19.25]into the grave questions it raises.
[07:22.52]When research into cloning is resumed,
[07:28.07]human cloning should remain a research activity for an extended period.
[07:34.33]And if it is ever attempted,
[07:38.11]it should — and no doubt will — take place only under careful examination
[07:45.06]and layers of legal administration.
[07:48.80]Most important, human cloning should be governed by the same laws
[07:55.82]that now protect human rights.
[07:59.35]A world not safe for cloned humans
[08:04.00]would be a world not safe for the rest of us.
新视野大学英语第三册 新视野大学英语第三版第三册 新视野大学英语第三版第三册答案 新视野大学英语 新视野大学英语2 新视野大学英语1 新视野大学英语3 新视野大
[00:00.00]，就把hxen.com复制到QQ个人资料中！Who Will Take Advantage of Human Cloning?
[00:04.10]1 Last week\'s news that scientists had cloned a sheep
[00:09.79]sent academics and the public into a panic
[00:13.46]at the prospect that humans might be next.
[00:18.22]That\'s an understandable reaction.
[00:22.68]Cloning is a radical challenge to the most fundamental laws of biology,
[00:30.46]so it\'s reasonable to be concerned
[00:33.41]that it might be a preface to activities
[00:37.08]that will threaten human society and dignity.
[00:41.47]Yet much of the moral opposition seems also to grow out of an automatic,
[00:49.25]unthinking disgust.
[00:51.91]This refusal to consider the issue logically
[00:57.28]makes it hard for even trained scientists
[01:00.80]and other experts to see the matter clearly.
[01:05.38]While human cloning might not offer great benefits to humanity,
[01:12.04]no one has yet made a convincing case
[01:15.49]that it would do any real harm, either.
[01:18.98]2 Conservative spiritual leaders have claimed
[01:24.17]that cloning a human constitutes a gross attack on human dignity.
[01:30.04]That would surely be true if a cloned individual
[01:36.12]were treated as a lesser being,
[01:38.96]with fewer rights or lower status.
[01:43.07]But why suppose that the laws that protect our rights
[01:49.73]and dignity would not be applicable to cloned persons?
[01:55.24]A leading lawyer has suggested that cloning would violate
[02:01.97]the "right to a unique genetic identity".
[02:06.14]Where did he come up with such a right?
[02:11.15]It makes perfect sense to say that adultpersons
[02:16.40]have a right not to be cloned without their voluntary,informed consent.
[02:23.50]But if such consent were given,
[02:27.85]whose "right" to genetic identity would be violated?
[02:33.11]3 Many of the vivid warnings of science-fiction
[02:38.26]concerning the prospect of human cloning turn out,
[02:41.64]upon reflection, to be wildly improbable.
[02:45.35]There\'s the fear, for instance,
[02:49.49]that parents might clone a child
[02:51.65]for the sake of having "surplus parts" in case the original child
[02:57.34]needsan organ transplant.
[03:00.29]But parents of identical twins don\'t view
[03:05.26]one child as an organ farm for the other.
[03:08.93]Why should cloned children\'s parents be any different?
[03:14.40]4 Another disturbing thought is that cloning
[03:19.37]will lead to efforts to breed individuals
[03:22.72]withgenetic qualities perceived as desirable
[03:27.50](math geniuses, soccer players, etc.).
[03:31.75]Such ideas are offensive,
[03:34.13]not only because of an unthinking disgust,
[03:37.40]but also because of the horrors carried out by the Nazis
[03:41.87]in the name of improving their race.
[03:44.82]But there\'s a vast difference between the breeding
[03:50.98]programs as practiced by some groups
[03:54.43](where the urge to breed certain types of people
[03:57.67]leads to efforts to destroy other types)
[04:01.74]and the much more harmless forms already practiced in democratic societies
[04:08.29](where, say,
[04:09.62]lawyers freely choose to have sexual relations with other lawyers).
[04:16.00]Banks stocked with the frozen sperm of geniuses already exist,
[04:23.23]but they haven\'t created a master race because few women
[04:28.09]are queuing up to get pregnant this way.
[04:31.15]Why should we think it would be different
[04:35.29]if human cloning becomes available?
[04:39.07]5 So who will likely take advantage of cloning?
[04:44.87]Perhaps a couple whose child is dying.
[04:50.16]This might seem psychologically suspect.
[04:55.45]But a cloned child born to such suspect parents
[05:00.89]stands no greater or lesser chance of being loved, or rejected,
[05:06.76]than a child created the normal way.
[05:09.60]Infertile couples are also likely to seek out cloning.
[05:15.29]That such couples have other options
[05:20.33](artificially bringing egg and sperm together, or adopting a child)
[05:26.48]is not an argument for denying them the right to clone.
[05:31.56]Or consider an example raised by Judge Richard Posner:
[05:37.93]a couple in which the husband has some unfortunate genetic defect.
[05:44.81]Currently, if this couple wants a genetically related child,
[05:51.97]they have four not altogether pleasant options.
[05:56.76]They can reproduce naturally and resign
[06:00.50]themselves to the risk of passing on the disease to the child.
[06:05.87]They can go to a sperm bank and take a chance on unknown genes.
[06:13.54]They can bring egg and sperm together artificially
[06:19.91]and dispose of any affected baby
[06:23.04]before placing it in the mother,
[06:25.31]or before birth — though that might be objectionable, too.
[06:30.17]Or they can get a male relative of the father
[06:35.24]to be a sperm donor, if such a relative exists.
[06:35.25]This is one ease where even people bothered by creating a child
[06:42.48]under the lens of a microscope might cloning
[06:46.23] as not the worst option.
[06:49.83]6 Even if human cloning offers no obvious benefits to mankind,
[06:56.85]why ban it?
[06:58.79]In a democracy we don\'t usually pass laws against something
[07:05.16]before there is actual or probable evidence of harm.
[07:10.13]Before we go any further,
[07:09.13]it might make sense to require a temporary pause
[07:12.98]on research into human cloning in order to make a systematic enquiry
[07:19.25]into the grave questions it raises.
[07:22.52]When research into cloning is resumed,
[07:28.07]human cloning should remain a research activity for an extended period.
[07:34.33]And if it is ever attempted,
[07:38.11]it should — and no doubt will — take place only under careful examination
[07:45.06]and layers of legal administration.
[07:48.80]Most important, human cloning should be governed by the same laws
[07:55.82]that now protect human rights.
[07:59.35]A world not safe for cloned humans
[08:04.00]would be a world not safe for the rest of us.
新视野大学英语第三册 新视野大学英语第三版第三册 新视野大学英语第三版第三册答案 新视野大学英语 新视野大学英语2 新视野大学英语1 新视野大学英语3 新视野大
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