大学英语精读听力第四册 unit10

[00:00.00]Unit Ten  Text
[00:14.94]Do you view work as a burden or an opportunity?
[00:18.83]Are you the kind of person who looks for ways to save your energy
[00:22.78]or the kind that finds spending your energy satisfying?
[00:26.12]Why do people like to complain about work?
[00:29.49]Find the answers to questions like these in the following essay.
[00:33.72]WHY PEOPLE WORK  Leonark R.Sayles
[00:39.39]Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment.
[00:46.24]We\'re all used to thinking that work provides the material things of life--
[00:50.47]the goods and services that make possible our modern civilization.
[00:54.73]But we are much less conscious of the extent to which work provides the more intangible,
[01:00.53]but more crucial,psychological well-being
[01:03.76]that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.
[01:07.81]Historically,work has been associated with slavery and sin and punishment.
[01:14.06]And in our own day we are used to hearing the traditional complaints:
[01:18.79]"I can\'t wait for my vacation," "I wish I could stay home today,"
[01:23.33]"My boss treats me poorly,"
[01:25.39]"I\'ve got too much work to do and not enough time to do it."
[01:28.95]Against this background,
[01:31.04]it may well come as a surprise to learn that not only psychologists
[01:35.66]but other behavioral scientists have come to accept  the positive contribution of work
[01:40.81]to the individual\'s happiness and sense of personal achievement.
[01:45.12]Work is more than a necessity for most human beings;
[01:49.30]it is the focus of their lives,the source of their identity and creativity.
[01:54.55]Rather than a punishment or a burden,
[01:57.39]work is the opportunity to realize one\'s potential.
[02:01.73]Many psychiatrists heading mental health clinics have observed its healing effect.
[02:07.79]A good many patients who feel depressed in clinics
[02:11.42]gain renewed self-confidence
[02:13.56]when gainfully employed and lose some,if not all,of their most acute symptoms.
[02:19.81]Increasingly,institutions dealing with mental health problems\'re establishing workshops
[02:26.29]wherein those too sick to get a job in "outside" industry can work,
[02:31.90]while every effort\'s exerted to arrange "real" jobs for those well enough to work outside
[02:38.54]And the reverse is ture,too.
[02:40.78]For large numbers of people,the absence of work is harmful to their health.
[02:45.93]Retirement often brings many problems surrounding the "What do I do with myself?"question,
[02:51.99]even though there may be no financial cares.
[02:52.06]Large numbers of people regularly get headaches and other illnesses on weekends
[02:57.44]when they don\'t have their jobs to go to,and must fend for themselves.
[03:02.49]It has been observed that unemployment,
[03:05.23]quite aside from exerting financial pressures,
[03:08.28]brings enormous psychological troubles
[03:11.03]and that many individuals deteriorate rapidly when jobless.
[03:15.65]But why?
[03:17.01]Why should work be such a significant source of human satisfaction?
[03:17.59]A good share of the answer rests in the kind of pride
[03:21.53]that is stimulated by the job,by the activity of accomplishing.
[03:26.49]Pride in Accomplishment
[03:28.84]The human being longs for a sense of being accomplished,
[03:33.21]of being able to do things,with his hand,with his mind,with his will.
[03:38.64]Each of us wants to feel he or she has the ability to do something that\'s meaningful
[03:45.38]and that serves as a tribute to our inherent abilities.
[03:49.56]It is easiest to see this in the craftsman
[03:52.80]who lovingly shapes some cheap material
[03:55.75]into an object that may be either useful or beautiful or both.
[04:00.63]You can see the carpenter or bricklayer stand aside
[04:04.37]and admire the product of his personal skill.
[04:07.53]that is solely attributable to one person\'s skill,
[04:14.90]researchers have found that employees find pride in accomplishment.
[04:19.57]Our own research in hospitals suggests that even the houskeeping and laundry staffs
[04:25.63]take pride in the fact that in their own ways they are helping to cure sick people--
[04:31.17]and thus accomplishing a good deal.
[04:33.52]We\'re often misled by the complaints surrounding difficult work;
[04:38.56]deep down most people regard their own capacity to conquer the tough job
[04:43.63]as the mark of their own unique personality.
[04:46.66]Complaining is just part of working.
[04:49.35]After all,how else do you know who you are,
[04:52.72]except as you can demonstrate
[04:54.26]the ability of your mind to control you limbs and hands and words?
[04:58.26]You are,in significant measure,what you can do.
[05:01.81]Some are deceived into thinking that people like to store up energy,
[05:05.68]to rest and save themselves as much as possible.
[05:08.63]Just the opposite.
[05:10.43]It is energy expenditure that is satisfying.
[05:13.36]Just watch an employee who must deal with countless other people
[05:17.36]because his or her job is at some central point in a communicati ons network:
[05:22.84]a salesman at a busy counter,a stock broker on the phone,a customer representative.
[05:29.48]They\'ll tell you how much skill and experience it takes to answer countless questions
[05:34.44]and handle various kinds of personalities every hour of the day.
[05:38.70]Not everyone can interact with such persistence and over long hours,
[05:43.66]but those who do,pride themselves on a distinctive ability
[05:42.66]that contributes mightily to the running of the organization.
[05:46.63]But work is more than accomplishment and pride in being able to command the job,
[05:51.96]because except for a few craftsmen and artists most work takes place "out in the world,"
[05:57.39]with and through other people.
[05:59.43]Esprit de corps
[06:01.73]Perhaps an example will make the point;
[06:04.87]I remember viewing a half dozen men in a chair factory
[06:04.92]whose job it was to bend several pieces of steel
[06:07.97]and attach them so that a folding chair would result.
[06:11.61]While there were ten or twelve of these "teams" that worked together,
[06:16.65]one in particular was known for its perfect coordination and lightning-like efforts.
[06:22.05]The men knew they were good.
[06:23.94]They would work in spurts for twenty or thirty minutes before taking a break
[06:28.48]--to show themselves,by standers and other groups
[06:32.01]what it was to be superbly skilled and self-controlled,
[06:35.56]to be the best in the factory.
[06:37.70]When I talked with them,each expressed enormous pride
[06:37.78]in being a part of the fastest,best team.
[06:41.46]And this sense of belonging to an accomplished work group
[06:44.62]is one of the distinctive satisfactions of the world of work.
[06:48.78]One further word about work group satisfactions.
[06:52.62]Unlike many other aspects of life,
[06:54.99]relationships among people at work tend to be simpler,
[06:58.55]less complicated,somewhat less emotional.
[07:01.84]This is not to say there aren\'t arguments and jealousies,
[07:05.47]but on the whole,behavioral research discloses
[07:08.47]that human relations at work are just easier,
[07:11.56]perhaps because they are more regular and predictable and thus simpler to adjust to
[07:17.20]than the sporadic,the more intense and less regular relationships in the community.
[07:22.58]And the work group also gently pressures its members to learn how to adjust to one another
[07:28.22]so that the "rough edges" are worked off
[07:30.50]because people know they must do certain things with
[07:33.45]and through one another each day.
[07:35.90]Beyond the team and the work group,there is the organization,
[07:39.93]whether it be company or hospital or university.
[07:39.93]The same pride in being part of a well-coordinated,successful unit
[07:44.47]is derived from being part of a larger collectivity.
[07:48.23]Working for a company that is thought of as being one of the best in the community
[07:53.38]can provide employees with both status and selfconfidence.
[07:57.61]They assume,usually with good reason,
[08:00.17]that others regard them more highly,even envy them,
[08:03.93]and they\'re more competent than the average because of this association with a "winner,"
[08:09.50]a prestigious institution.
[08:11.66]We in truth bask in the reflected glory of the institution,
[08:16.16]and we seek ways of asserting our membership
[08:19.16]so that others will know and can recognize our good fortune.
[08:23.97]New Words
[08:40.61]contentment
[08:41.38]n.满足
[08:42.15]civilization
[08:42.19]n.文明
[08:42.22]intangible
[08:43.14]a.触摸不到的
[08:44.05]crucial
[08:44.82]a.决定性的,关键的
[08:45.59]pschological
[08:46.51]a.心理的
[08:47.42]historically
[08:48.20]in the course of history,in accordance with or in respect to history
[08:48.99]associate
[08:49.81]vt.联想
[08:50.63]slavery
[08:51.46]n.奴隶制度;奴隶身份
[08:52.28]sin
[08:53.06]n.罪孽
[08:53.85]punishment
[08:54.63]n.惩罚
[08:55.41]complaint
[08:56.24]n.抱怨
[08:57.06]behavioral
[08:57.89]a.行为的
[08:58.73]contribution
[08:59.51]n.act of contributing; sth. contributed
[09:00.30]necessity
[09:01.12]n.必需品;必要性
[09:01.94]focus
[09:02.71]n.焦点
[09:03.48]creativity
[09:04.31]n.创造性
[09:05.13]clinic
[09:05.93]n.诊所
[09:06.72]heal
[09:07.30]v.治愈,愈合痊愈
[09:07.87]depressed
[09:08.70]a.精神抑郁的,情绪沮丧的
[09:09.52]depress
[09:10.24]vt.make sad,low in spirits
[09:10.96]renew
[09:11.67]vt.使更新
[09:12.39]gainfully
[09:13.33]ad.profitably
[09:14.27]acute
[09:15.10]a.严重的,急性的
[09:15.92]symptom
[09:16.51]n.公共机构
[09:17.09]institution
[09:17.88]n.公共机构
[09:18.66]workshop
[09:18.16]n.车间;工场
[09:17.66]wherein
[09:18.55]conj.in which
[09:19.44]exert
[09:20.21]vt.尽力
[09:20.98]reverse
[09:21.70]n.相反背面:
[09:22.42]absence
[09:23.09]n.non-existence;
[09:23.77]harmful
[09:24.51]a.causing or likely to cause harm
[09:25.24]retirement
[09:25.97]n. 退休
[09:26.70]financial
[09:27.41]a.财政的;金融的
[09:28.11]weekend
[09:29.00]周末
[09:29.89]fend
[09:30.54]vi 供养;照料
[09:31.19]unemployment
[09:32.26]n.the state of being unemployed
[09:33.33]significant
[09:33.97]a.重大的
[09:34.61]significance
[09:35.50]n.重要性
[09:36.39]satisfaction
[09:37.27]n.满足
[09:38.14]satisfactory
[09:38.20]a.
[09:38.25]accomplished
[09:39.11]a.有才艺的;有造诣的
[09:39.97]tribute
[09:40.65]n.meterial evidence of one\'s worth,virtue,etc.
[09:41.33]inherent
[09:42.31]a.内在的,生来的
[09:43.29]craftsman
[09:44.00]n.手艺人,（名）工匠
[09:44.70]bricklayer
[09:45.42]n.a workman who builds with bricks
[09:46.14]attributable
[09:46.92]a.可归因于...的
[09:47.71]attribute
[09:48.50]把…归因为vt.
[09:49.30]housekeeping
[09:50.04]n. 家政
[09:50.79]staff
[09:51.41]n.（全体）员工
[09:52.04]capacity
[09:52.98]n.能力;容量
[09:53.92]tough
[09:54.76]a.艰巨的
[09:55.59]unique
[09:56.21]a.独特的
[09:56.82]limb
[09:57.44]n. 肢,翼
[09:58.05]opposite
[09:58.73]n.对立面,对立物
[09:59.41]countless
[10:00.09]a.very many;too many to be counted
[10:00.77]broker
[10:01.43]n.经纪人,掮客
[10:02.10]stock broker
[10:02.97]n.证券经纪人
[10:03.85]representative
[10:04.78]n.代表
[10:05.70]interact
[10:06.58]vi.相互作用
[10:07.45]persistence
[10:08.24]n.坚持
[10:09.02]persist
[10:09.82]vi.
[10:10.61]distinctive
[10:11.69]a.特殊的;与众不同的
[10:12.76]mightily
[10:13.33]n.团体精神,集体荣誉感
[10:13.91]coordination
[10:15.72]n.配合、协调
[10:17.54]coordinate
[10:18.41]vt.
[10:19.29]lightning
[10:20.01]闪电
[10:20.72]bystander
[10:21.39]n.旁观者
[10:22.06]superbly
[10:22.83]ad.magnificently;first　class
[10:23.60]aspect
[10:24.25]n.方面
[10:24.90]relationship
[10:25.78]n.关系
[10:26.65]disclose
[10:27.53]vt.揭示
[10:28.40]sporadic
[10:29.21]a.零星发生的,偶尔的
[10:30.02]collectivity
[10:29.52]n.集体
[10:29.02]collective
[10:29.86]a.
[10:30.70]status
[10:31.39]n.地位,身份
[10:32.08]envy
[10:32.82]vt.羡慕;妨忌
[10:33.57]winner
[10:34.21]n.冬天
[10:34.85]prestigious
[10:35.79]a.在声望的
[10:36.73]bask
[10:36.82]vi.舒适地）取暖,享受
[10:36.91]reflect
[10:37.52]vt.反射;反映
[10:38.14]assert
[10:38.83]vt.宣称,断言
[10:39.52]membership
[10:40.31]成员资格，会员人数
[10:41.09]Phrases & Expressions
[10:44.43]associate with
[10:45.44]把...与...联系在一起
[10:46.44]rather than
[10:47.44]instead of
[10:48.43]fend for oneself
[10:49.41]照料自己;自行谋生
[10:50.39]aside from
[10:51.37]除了...以外
[10:52.35]long for
[10:53.22]渴望
[10:54.10]take pride in
[10:55.08]为…而感到得意
[10:56.06]store up
[10:57.05]储存,储备
[10:58.04]pride oneself on
[10:59.43]以...自豪
[11:00.81]make the/one\'s point
[11:02.73]证明一个论点
[11:04.65]in particular
[11:05.75]especially
[11:06.85]at work
[11:07.79]busy at a job;doing work
[11:08.73]on the whole
[11:09.41]considering　everything;in general
[11:10.09]work off
[11:10.86]除去,清除
[11:11.63]This is the end of the tape 大学英语精读第四册unit6 大学英语精读第四册unit7 大学英语精读第四册unit4 大学英语精读二4unit 大学英语精读四unit4 大学英语精读四un