中国政府关于在南海的领土主权和海洋权益的声明

中华人民共和国政府关于在南海的领土主权和海洋权益的声明
Statement of the Government of the People’s Republic of China on China’s Territorial Sovereignty and Maritime Rights and Interests in the South China Sea

为重申中国在南海的领土主权和海洋权益，加强与各国在南海的合作，维护南海和平稳定，中华人民共和国政府声明：
To reaffirm China’s territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea, enhance cooperation in the South China Sea with other countries, and uphold peace and stability in the South China Sea, the Government of the People’s Republic of China hereby states as follows:

一、中国南海诸岛包括东沙群岛、西沙群岛、中沙群岛和南沙群岛。中国人民在南海的活动已有2000多年历史。中国最早发现、命名和开发利用南海诸岛及相关海域，最早并持续、和平、有效地对南海诸岛及相关海域行使主权和管辖，确立了在南海的领土主权和相关权益。
I. China’s Nanhai Zhudao (the South China Sea Islands) consist of Dongsha Qundao (the Dongsha Islands), Xisha Qundao (the Xisha Islands), Zhongsha Qundao (the Zhongsha Islands) and Nansha Qundao (the Nansha Islands). The activities of the Chinese people in the South China Sea date back to over 2,000 years ago. China is the first to have discovered, named, and explored and exploited Nanhai Zhudao and relevant waters, and the first to have exercised sovereignty and jurisdiction over them continuously, peacefully and effectively, thus establishing territorial sovereignty and relevant rights and interests in the South China Sea.

第二次世界大战结束后，中国收复日本在侵华战争期间曾非法侵占的中国南海诸岛，并恢复行使主权。中国政府为加强对南海诸岛的管理，于1947年审核修订了南海诸岛地理名称，编写了《南海诸岛地理志略》和绘制了标绘有南海断续线的《南海诸岛位置图》，并于1948年2月正式公布，昭告世界。
Following the end of the Second World War, China recovered and resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao which had been illegally occupied by Japan during its war of aggression against China. To strengthen the administration over Nanhai Zhudao, the Chinese government in 1947 reviewed and updated the geographical names of Nanhai Zhudao, compiled Nan Hai Zhu Dao Di Li Zhi Lue (A Brief Account of the Geography of the South China Sea Islands), and drew Nan Hai Zhu Dao Wei Zhi Tu (Location Map of the South China Sea Islands) on which the dotted line is marked. This map was officially published and made known to the world by the Chinese government in February 1948.

二、中华人民共和国1949年10月1日成立以来，坚定维护中国在南海的领土主权和海洋权益。1958年《中华人民共和国政府关于领海的声明》、1992年《中华人民共和国领海及毗连区法》、1998年《中华人民共和国专属经济区和大陆架法》以及1996年《中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于批准<联合国海洋法公约>的决定》等系列法律文件，进一步确认了中国在南海的领土主权和海洋权益。
II. Since its founding on 1 October 1949, the People’s Republic of China has been firm in upholding China’s territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea. A series of legal instruments, such as the 1958 Declaration of the Government of the People’s Republic of China on China’s Territorial Sea, the 1992 Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, the 1998 Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf and the 1996 Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on the Ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, have further reaffirmed China’s territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea.

三、基于中国人民和中国政府的长期历史实践及历届中国政府的一贯立场，根据中国国内法以及包括《联合国海洋法公约》在内的国际法，中国在南海的领土主权和海洋权益包括：
III. Based on the practice of the Chinese People and the Chinese government in the long course of history and the position consistently upheld by successive Chinese governments, and in accordance with national law and international law, including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, China has territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea, including, inter alia:
（一）中国对南海诸岛，包括东沙群岛、西沙群岛、中沙群岛和南沙群岛拥有主权；
i. China has sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao, consisting of Dongsha Qundao, Xisha Qundao, Zhongsha Qundao and Nansha Qundao;
（二）中国南海诸岛拥有内水、领海和毗连区；
ii. China has internal waters, territorial sea and contiguous zone, based on Nanhai Zhudao;
（三）中国南海诸岛拥有专属经济区和大陆架；
iii. China has exclusive economic zone and continental shelf, based on Nanhai Zhudao;
（四）中国在南海拥有历史性权利。
iv. China has historic rights in the South China Sea.
中国上述立场符合有关国际法和国际实践。
The above positions are consistent with relevant international law and practice.

四、中国一向坚决反对一些国家对中国南沙群岛部分岛礁的非法侵占及在中国相关管辖海域的侵权行为。中国愿继续与直接有关当事国在尊重历史事实的基础上，根据国际法，通过谈判协商和平解决南海有关争议。中国愿同有关直接当事国尽一切努力作出实际性的临时安排，包括在相关海域进行共同开发，实现互利共赢，共同维护南海和平稳定。
IV. China is always firmly opposed to the invasion and illegal occupation by certain states of some islands and reefs of China’s Nansha Qundao, and activities infringing upon China’s rights and interests in relevant maritime areas under China’s jurisdiction. China stands ready to continue to resolve the relevant disputes peacefully through negotiation and consultation with the states directly concerned on the basis of respecting historical facts and in accordance with international law. Pending final settlement, China is also ready to make every effort with the states directly concerned to enter into provisional arrangements of a practical nature, including joint development in relevant maritime areas, in order to achieve win-win results and jointly maintain peace and stability in the South China Sea.

五、中国尊重和支持各国依据国际法在南海享有的航行和飞越自由，愿与其他沿岸国和国际社会合作，维护南海国际航运通道的安全和畅通。
V. China respects and upholds the freedom of navigation and overflight enjoyed by all states under international law in the South China Sea, and stays ready to work with other coastal states and the international community to ensure the safety of and the unimpeded access to the international shipping lanes in the South China Sea.