温总理在开罗阿拉伯国家联盟总部的演讲

2009年11月7日，中国国务院总理温家宝在开罗访问了阿拉伯国家联盟总部并发表题为《尊重文明的多样性》的重要演讲。演讲全文如下：
 
尊重文明的多样性
——在开罗阿拉伯国家联盟总部的演讲
中国国务院总理 温家宝
开罗，2009年11月7日

Respect Diversity of Civilizations
--Speech at the Headquarters of the League of Arab States
by H.E. Wen Jiabao, Premier of the People\'s Republic of China
Cairo, 7 November 2009
 
尊敬的阿姆鲁•穆萨秘书长，
尊敬的各位使节，
女士们，先生们：

Your Excellency Secretary General Amr Moussa,
Your Excellencies Diplomatic Envoys,
Ladies and Gentlemen,

萨拉姆－阿莱控（大家好）！

As-Salamu Alaykum.

今天，我很高兴来到开罗阿拉伯国家联盟总部，同各位使节和埃及各界朋友们交流。阿盟是阿拉伯国家团结、联合、自强的象征。首先，请允许我代表中国政府和人民，向阿拉伯国家和人民，致以崇高的敬意和美好的祝愿！

I am delighted today to have the opportunity to meet you, diplomatic envoys and Egyptian friends from various sectors, here at the headquarters of the League of Arab States, symbol of the solidarity, unity and strength of Arab countries. On behalf of the Chinese government and people, I would like to pay high tribute and offer best wishes to all the Arab countries and people.

有句阿拉伯谚语：“喝了尼罗河的水，一定会再来”。三年前，我在尼罗河畔的金字塔前，与中埃各界人士共同庆祝两国建交５０周年。今天，我再次踏上这片承载着厚重文明的神奇土地，倍感亲切。

There is an Arab saying which goes, "Whoever drinks the Nile water is sure to come back again." Three years ago, right in front of the pyramid by the Nile, I joined people from Egypt and China in celebrating the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations between our two countries. Today, returning to this beautiful land imbued with splendid civilization, I feel much at home.

中国同阿拉伯国家之间的友谊，源远流长。近代以来，中国和阿拉伯国家都经历了沧桑巨变，走上了民族复兴的道路。相似的经历和追求发展的共同目标使中国同阿拉伯各国风雨同舟、休戚与共、结下了深厚情谊。中国人民视阿拉伯人民为好朋友、好伙伴、好兄弟，为你们在发展道路上所取得的每一个成就感到由衷的高兴，表示热烈的祝贺！

China and Arab countries enjoy a time-honored friendship. Both sides went through tremendous changes in modern times and embarked on the road of national rejuvenation. Similar experiences and common pursuit of development have bonded us close together. Sharing weal and woe, we have tided over difficulties side by side and forged profound friendship. The Chinese people see the Arab people as good friends, good partners and good brothers. We rejoice at every success you have achieved on the path of development, and we warmly congratulate you on all your accomplishments.

今天，我演讲的题目是：尊重文明的多样性。

The title of my speech today is Respect Diversity of Civilizations.

文明具有多样性，就如同自然界物种具有多样性一样。当今世界，有２００多个国家和地区，２５００多个民族，６０００多种语言。正是这些不同民族、不同肤色、不同历史文化背景的人们，共同创造了丰富多彩的世界，就如同有了七音八调的差异，才能演奏出美妙动听的音乐。不同文明之间的对话、交流、融合，汇成了人类文明奔流不息的长河。

There exist diverse civilizations in the world, just like there are diverse species in the nature. The world today is home to over200 countries and regions, more than 2,500 ethnic groups and 6,000-plus languages. As different musical notes make a beautiful melody, people of different ethnicities, colors and historical and cultural backgrounds have jointly made our world a splendid and colorful place. Dialogue, exchanges and integration among different civilizations form the powerful current of human civilization, surging ahead ceaselessly.

伊斯兰文明和中华文明都是人类文明的瑰宝，都对人类社会的进步和发展有着不可磨灭的贡献。

Both the Islamic and the Chinese civilizations are treasures of the human civilization and both have made indelible contributions to the progress and development of the human society.

中华文明同伊斯兰文明之间的对话和交流，有着悠久的历史。闻名中外的古丝绸之路，就是生动有力的见证。两千多年前，通过丝绸古道传入中国的胡桃、胡椒、胡萝卜等，早已成为中国人喜爱的食物。阿拉伯鼎盛时期的文学经典《一千零一夜》，在中国家喻户晓。伊斯兰风格的音乐、舞蹈和服饰、建筑，在中国深受欢迎。同样，中国古代文化和技术，也传到了阿拉伯国家。中国的瓷器、丝绸、茶叶、造纸术，就是通过阿拉伯国家传入欧洲的。六百年前，中国穆斯林航海家郑和七下西洋，多次到达阿拉伯地区，成为传播友谊和知识的使者。中国与阿拉伯世界的交流不断扩大和加深，不仅有力促进了双方的文化繁荣和经济发展，还推动了东西方文明的交流。

Dialogue and exchanges between the Chinese civilization and the Islamic civilization date back to antiquity and the world-famous Silk Road offers us the best example. Through this ancient road, walnuts, pepper and carrots were introduced to China two thousand years ago and have since become very popular among the Chinese people. One Thousand and One Nights, a literary classic in the Arab heyday, is known to every Chinese household. And Islamic music, dance, dress and architecture are warmly appreciated in China. Likewise, the ancient Chinese culture and technologies were introduced to Arab countries and via Arab countries, Chinese porcelain, silk, tea and papermaking technique were passed on to Europe. Six hundred years ago, Zheng He, a Muslim navigator in China, landed in the Arab region several times on his seven voyages to the Western Seas. He is remembered as an envoy of friendship and knowledge. The ever expanding and deepening exchanges between China and the Arab world have not only enhanced our respective cultural prosperity and economic development, but also promoted interactions between the Eastern and Western civilizations.

文明存在差异，但没有优劣之分。各种文明都包含有人类发展进步所积淀的共同理念、共同追求。在中华文明中，早就有“和为贵”、“和而不同”、“己所不欲，勿施于人”等伟大思想。伊斯兰文明也蕴含着崇尚和平、倡导宽容的理念。《古兰经》就有一百多处讲到和平。在多样中求同一，在差异中求和谐，在交流中求发展，是人类社会应有的文明观。

Civilizations can be different, but no civilization is superior to others. Each civilization embodies the common vision and common aspirations of mankind shaped in the course of development and progress. The Chinese civilization has long advocated the great ideas that "Harmony is most valuable," "Seek harmony in diversity" and "Do not do unto others what you would not have others do unto you." Similarly, the Islamic civilization values peace and calls for tolerance. The Koran contains more than 100 references to peace. We should build consensus and seek harmony in a world of diversity and push forward development through exchanges. This is the approach all mankind should embrace in advancing civilization.

谈到尊重文明的多样性，必须看到各个民族、各种宗教都是多样性文明的重要载体。中国是一个多民族、多宗教的国家。我们有５６个民族，本土的道教与相继传入的佛教、伊斯兰教、天主教、基督教等长期和谐共处。中国政府的基本政策是，坚定不移地坚持和完善民族区域自治制度，切实保障各民族一律平等，加快少数民族和民族地区经济社会发展；坚定不移地坚持宗教信仰自由政策，发挥宗教界人士和信教群众在促进经济社会发展中的积极作用。

Speaking of respecting diversity of civilizations, we must recognize that diversity of civilizations is largely reflected in ethnic and religious diversity. China is a multi-ethnic and multi-religious country. It is made up of 56 ethnic groups. The indigenous Taoism has long existed in harmony with Buddhism, Islam and Christianity, religions introduced from the outside. It is the basic policy of the Chinese government to implement and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy, ensure equality among all ethnic groups and speed up the economic and social development of minority ethnic groups and areas inhabited by these groups. It is also our policy to ensure freedom of religious belief and bring into play the positive role of religious personages and religious believers in promoting economic and social development.

在中国，信仰伊斯兰教的有１０个民族，２０００多万人口。他们都是中华民族大家庭的重要成员，他们的宗教信仰、文化传统和生活习俗受到了充分尊重。目前在中国城乡，有３５０００多座清真寺。在中国任何的一个城市，都可以找到清真餐厅。像上海这样国际化的大都市，专门为保障清真食品的供应立了法。在民间生活中，不管工厂、学校和机关，只要有穆斯林，就开清真灶；连朋友聚会，只要其中有一位是穆斯林，大家都自觉用清真餐。中国政府制定了一系列政策，扶持少数民族和民族地区的经济、文化和社会发展。信仰伊斯兰教的民族，同其他各个民族和睦相处，共同推动了国家发展和社会进步。

In China, more than 20 million people from 10 ethnic groups believe in Islam. They are all important members of the big family of the Chinese nation, and their religious belief, cultural tradition and way of life are fully respected. There are over 35,000 mosques in cities and the countryside across China. You can find Muslim restaurants in any Chinese city. In an international metropolis like Shanghai, there is local legislation ensuring the supply of Muslim food. You will also find that in factories, schools and government offices in China, Muslim cuisine is available wherever there are Muslims. If you attend a get-together among friends, those present will all choose to have Muslim food even if only one of them is a Muslim. The Chinese government has adopted a range of policies to support economic, cultural and social development of minority ethnic groups and areas. Ethnic groups who believe in Islam have lived in amity with other ethnic groups and jointly promoted national development and social progress.

女士们，先生们：

Ladies and Gentlemen,

新中国成立以来，中阿始终相互同情，相互支持。上世纪五十年代，一批阿拉伯国家排除种种干扰，毅然同中华人民共和国建立外交关系。七十年代，在阿拉伯国家和其他友好的发展中国家大力支持和不懈努力下，新中国恢复了在联合国的合法席位。对阿拉伯国家争取民族合法权利的正义事业和谋求发展的愿望，中国政府和人民感同身受，给予了政治和道义上的有力支持，提供了力所能及的帮助。许多中国工程技术人员为支援阿拉伯国家的建设献出了宝贵的生命，长眠在这块土地上。

Since the founding of the People\'s Republic of China, China and Arab countries have always sympathized with and supported each other. In the 1950s, a number of Arab countries overcame various interferences and made the courageous decision to establish diplomatic relations with China. In the 1970s, Arab countries and other friendly developing countries gave strong support and made persistent effort in helping restore New China\'s lawful seat in the United Nations. On our part, the Chinese government and people have shown full understanding for the just cause of Arab countries to seek lawful national rights and your aspirations for development. We have given you strong political and moral support and provided assistance within the realm of our capabilities. Many Chinese engineers and construction workers gave their precious lives for the development of Arab countries and were laid to rest in the Arab land.

２１世纪，是经济全球化的世纪，也是多样文明大放光彩的世纪。拥有１３亿人口的中国同拥有数亿人口的阿拉伯世界，都肩负着让古老文明焕发青春的神圣使命。回眸近二百多年来的历史，中国和阿拉伯国家被耽误的历史机遇太多太多了。我们有一百个理由、一千个理由振奋起来，加强合作、加快发展，追上时代前进的步伐，而没有任何一个理由可以心存疑虑、踌躇不前。任何对国家、对民族负责任的政治家，任何有抱负、有作为的企业家和社会各界人士，都应该清醒地看到自己肩负的历史责任。让我们携起手来。把中国同阿拉伯各国的友好合作推向新阶段！

The 21st century is the century of economic globalization. It is also one marked by great progress of diverse civilizations. China, with its 1.3 billion people, and the Arab world, with its several hundred million people, both shoulder the sacred mission of renewing our centuries-old civilizations. Looking back at the last 200 years, we have missed far too many opportunities. We have100 reasons, even 1,000 reasons to strengthen cooperation and speed up development with renewed vigor and vitality, so that we can catch up with the changing times. We have no reason whatsoever to dither or hesitate. All political leaders who have a sense of responsibility towards their countries and peoples and all entrepreneurs and other members of the society who cherish high ideals and aspirations should have a keen awareness of the responsibility that history has placed on them. Let us join hands and take the friendly cooperation between China and Arab countries to a new level!

中国要同阿拉伯国家巩固政治互信、加强战略合作。当今世界正在经历大变革大调整大发展，国际政治经济格局正在发生深刻的变化，包括阿拉伯国家在内的发展中国家地位和影响力不断提高。在这种新的历史条件下，中国同阿拉伯国家巩固政治互信，加强战略合作，这是我们双方的根本利益之所在。“中阿合作论坛”的创立和发展，为双方加强集体对话与协作开辟了广阔前景。中阿要做和平稳定的维护者，坚持通过对话和协商解决国际争端和地区冲突。反对一切形式的恐怖主义、分裂主义和极端主义，反对把恐怖主义与特定的民族和宗教混为一谈。共同营造安全、安宁的国际环境。中国愿同阿方加强合作，携手应对气候变化、能源、非传统安全威胁等全球性挑战，推动实现千年发展目标。中阿双方在重大国际和地区事务上要继续相互支持、相互配合，共同维护广大发展中国家的利益，致力于建立公正、合理的国际新秩序。

China is committed to deepening political trust and strengthening strategic cooperation with Arab countries. The world today is experiencing major transformation, major adjustments and major development, and the international political and economic architecture is going through profound changes. The standing and influence of developing countries, including Arab countries, are on the rise. Against such a background, it serves the fundamental interests of both sides to solidify political trust and intensify strategic cooperation. The establishment and development of the China-Arab Cooperation Forum have opened broad prospects for strengthened collective dialogue and coordination between the two sides. We should work together to promote peace and stability, seek settlement of international disputes and regional conflicts through dialogue and consultation, oppose all forms of terrorism, separatism and extremism, and reject linking terrorism to any specific ethnic group or religion. And we should jointly foster a safe and peaceful international environment. China is ready to step up cooperation with Arab countries to address global challenges, including climate change, energy and non-traditional security threats and promote the attainment of the UN Millennium Development Goals. We should continue to support and cooperate with each other in major international and regional affairs, work together to safeguard the interests of developing countries and endeavor to build a just and reasonable new international order.

中国将继续推动中东和平进程。中东应该有一个和平美好的未来。二战以来，中东战火不断，生灵涂炭，百姓流离失所。严酷的事实表明，冤冤相报只能加深仇恨，铸剑为犁才能迎来和平。“阿拉伯和平倡议”向全世界表明了阿拉伯国家和平解决中东问题的真诚意愿和战略选择，中方对此高度赞赏。以对话代替对抗，以理解促进和解，停止流血冲突，是解决中东问题的根本途径。我们期盼中东早日结束纷争和战乱，恢复和平与安宁。中国愿与阿拉伯国家和其他有关各方加强沟通，发挥建设性作用，推动中东问题早日得到全面、公正、持久的解决，实现中东地区的和平、安全和稳定。

China will continue to promote the Middle East peace process. The Middle East deserves a peaceful and beautiful future. Since World War II, the Middle East region has been plagued by incessant wars and conflicts. Numerous lives have been lost and many innocent people displaced. The stark reality shows that the an eye for an eye approach can only stoke deeper hatred, and peace can only be achieved by turning swords into ploughshares. We highly appreciate the Arab Peace Initiative, which demonstrates to the whole world the sincere wish and strategic decision of Arab countries to peacefully resolve the Middle East issue. The fundamental way to resolve the Middle East issue is to replace confrontation with dialogue, promote reconciliation by increasing understanding, and stop the bloodshed and conflicts. We hope that disputes and conflicts will soon come to an end and peace and tranquility will return to the Middle East. China is ready to step up consultation with Arab countries and other parties concerned and play a constructive role in promoting a comprehensive, just and lasting settlement of the Middle East issue in order to achieve peace, security and stability in this part of the world.

中国积极发展同阿拉伯各国的经贸合作。上世纪八十年代以来特别是近几年来，中阿双方互惠互利的经贸关系发展迅速。中国同阿拉伯国家的贸易额从２００４年的３６７亿美元攀升至２００８年的１３２８亿美元，是当年的３．６倍。截至２００８年底，双方工程承包合同累计接近１０００亿美元。发展中阿经贸合作，空间广阔，潜力巨大。特别是当前面对国际金融危机的严重冲击，中阿要采取更加切实有效的措施，扩大双方在经贸、能源、投资、金融、旅游和人力资源培训等领域的务实合作。中国政府鼓励有实力的企业到阿拉伯国家投资兴业。中国政府和中国企业将更加注重促进伙伴国自身经济实力的增强，更加注重促进当地的就业、资源的综合利用和环境的保护。中国将一如既往地向欠发达国家提供人道主义援助，帮助改善民生，消除贫困，增强自我发展能力。

China will push forward economic cooperation and trade with Arab countries. The mutually beneficial economic and trade ties between the two sides have been growing rapidly since the 1980s, the last few years in particular. Trade volume between China and Arab countries jumped from US$36.7 billion in 2004 to US$132.8 billion in 2008, a 2.6-fold increase in a short span of five years. By the end of 2008, the total value of contracted projects between the two sides had approached US$100 billion. There is great scope and enormous potential for business cooperation between China and Arab countries. In response to the serious impact of the international financial crisis, it is all the more important for us to take more concrete and effective measures to expand practical cooperation in economy and trade, energy, investment, finance, tourism and human resources training. The Chinese government encourages capable Chinese enterprises to make investment and set up businesses in Arab countries. The Chinese government and enterprises will place more emphasis on helping build up the economic strength of our partner countries and on promoting local job creation, comprehensive resource utilization and environmental protection. China will, as always, provide humanitarian assistance to underdeveloped countries and help them improve people\'s livelihood, eradicate poverty and expand capacity for self-development.

中国愿同阿拉伯各国加强文化交流与合作。阿拉伯地区是人类古老文明的交汇之地，绚烂的文学艺术，美妙的音乐舞蹈，独特的饮食服饰，精湛的手工技艺，构成了多彩多姿的文化图景。中国政府鼓励发展同阿拉伯国家之间的教育、文化、旅游和其他方面的交流。中国政府鼓励更多的青年学生到阿拉伯国家留学，也欢迎阿拉伯青年学子到中国学习、访问。文化的沟通，有利于双方加深对彼此历史和现状的了解，增进感情，夯实中阿友好的社会基础。

China hopes to step up cultural exchanges and cooperation with Arab countries. The Arab region is the converging point of ancient civilizations. The splendid literature and art, beautiful music and dance, unique food and dress and exquisite craftsmanship epitomize its colorful culture. The Chinese government encourages growing educational, cultural, tourism and other exchanges with Arab countries. We will encourage more young people to study in Arab countries and welcome young Arab students to come to China for study or visits. Cultural exchanges will help deepen mutual understanding about each other\'s history and current conditions, strengthen the bond of friendship and build strong public support for our friendship.

半个多世纪来，阿拉伯国家联盟一直致力于加强成员国之间的密切合作，维护阿拉伯国家的独立与主权。我们希望看到，阿盟在当代国际社会尤其在促进中东的和平与发展方面发挥更大的作用。

Over the past half century and more, the League of Arab States has been dedicated to enhancing cooperation among its members and safeguarding the independence and sovereignty of Arab states. We hope that the Arab League will play a bigger role in the international community, particularly in promoting peace and development in the Middle East.

女士们，先生们：

Ladies and Gentlemen,

在座的朋友们可能很关心中国的情况。新中国成立６０年来，特别是改革开放３０年来，中国经济发展和社会进步有目共睹。同时，我们也清醒地认识到，中国仍然是发展中国家。中国的经济总量块头不小，但人均水平还很低。这次全球金融危机，对中国的影响和冲击也是很大的。经过努力，我们全年有可能保持８％的增长速度。但是，全面复苏的基础还不够牢固。毋庸讳言，中国在现代化进程中还面临着许许多多亟待解决的困难和问题。这就需要推进改革开放、经济建设和社会进步。这就需要兼顾改革、发展和稳定。我们始终把维护国家统一、民族团结和社会稳定，放在十分重要的位置上，否则一切无从谈起。我想，这个道理对世界各国都是一样的。

You may be interested in China\'s development. Let me say, in this connection, that we have made notable progress in economic and social development since the founding of New China 60 years ago, particularly in the last 30 years since reform and opening-up. At the same time, we are keenly aware that China is still a developing country. While our aggregate GDP may be quite large, our per capita GDP is very low. The global financial crisis has made a big impact on China\'s economy. Though the target of an 8% growth for 2009 is within reach through our efforts, the foundation of a full recovery is not yet firmly established. We still face many difficulties and pressing problems in the course of modernization. This requires that we press ahead with reform and opening-up, economic development and social progress. We must strike the right balance among development, reform and stability. And we must always put national reunification, ethnic unity and social stability high on our agenda. Otherwise, we can accomplish nothing. I think this logic holds true for all countries in the world.

我这次埃及之行，是推进文明对话之旅，也是发展友好合作之旅。中国同埃及的友好合作，是尊重文明多样性的典范，也是发展中国家关系和南南合作的典范。我们永远不会忘记，在阿拉伯世界和非洲，埃及是第一个同新中国建交的国家，也是第一个同中国建立战略合作关系的国家。中埃两国一直保持着十分友好的关系，各领域合作不断推进，在维护和平、促进发展等全局性、战略性问题上相互协调、坚定支持。中埃战略合作已取得丰硕成果，为两国人民带来了实实在在的福祉。中国将继续支持埃及在地区和国际事务中发挥更大的作用。

My current visit to Egypt is aimed at enhancing dialogue among civilizations and promoting closer friendship and cooperation. The friendship and cooperation between China and Egypt represent a good example of respect for diversity of civilizations and a model for relations between developing countries and South-South cooperation. We will never forget that Egypt was the first country in the Arab world and in Africa that established diplomatic relations with the People\'s Republic of China and the first one that entered into a strategic and cooperative relationship with China. Our two countries have always maintained friendly relations, our cooperation in all fields has made steady progress and we have coordinated with and firmly supported each other on the overarching and strategic issues concerning peace and development. The strategic cooperation between China and Egypt has yielded rich results and brought tangible benefits to people of both countries. China will continue to support Egypt in playing a greater role in regional and international affairs.

中华民族是一个重友谊、讲感情、恪守承诺的民族。中国同阿拉伯世界，过去是朋友，今天是朋友，将来还是朋友！不管国际风云如何变幻，中国人民永远是阿拉伯各国人民值得信赖的好兄弟！让我们共同为建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界而努力！

The Chinese nation values friendship and keeps its word. China and the Arab world were friends in the past; we are friends today; and we will remain friends forever. No matter how the international scene may change, the Chinese people will always be the trusted brothers of the Arab people. Let us work together to build a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.

谢谢大家！

Thank you.

舒克兰！（谢谢）

Shukran.