美驻华大使在北京大学的讲话

On November 20,2009, U.S Ambassador to China Jon Huntsman addressed a group of international students attending the Common Ground Conference at Peking University in Beijing about the state of the U.S-China relationship. Following are excerpts of his remarks:

2009年11月20日，美国驻华大使洪博培（Jon Huntsman）在北京大学向参加“求同论坛”（Common Ground Conference）的各国学生发表讲话，阐述美中关系的发展现状以及奥巴马总统对美中关系的瞩望。以下是此次讲话的摘要：

Remarks by Ambassador Jon Huntsman at the On Common Ground Conference
Peking University, Beijing, China
November 20, 2009

美国驻华大使洪博培在北京大学“求同论坛”上的讲话
2009年11月20日

It’s interesting to note because when you put U.S.-China relations in proper context in history, it reads like a roller coaster.  Caleb Cushing was sent over here by John Tyler because there was great concern that the British were getting way too much out of their trading relationship with China.

有趣的是，当你把美中关系放到适当的历史背景中观察的话，就会发现它像一辆过山车。约翰∙泰勒把凯莱布∙顾圣派到这里来，是因为英国从与中国的贸易关系中所得甚多，引起了美国的极大关切。

You’ll remember the first Opium War, right?  1837 to 1842.  1842 resulted in the Treaty of Nanjing which opened up several important ports – Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo, Shanghai, and one old Canton port.  Trade facilitation was achieved.  They lowered tariffs and they also dealt with Hong Kong, as you will recall, which later was dealt with a little differently.  It was an open-ended agreement in 1842 and it later became quite specific, a 99 year lease in, I think, 1897 or 1898.

你们会记得第一次鸦片战争，是不是？从1837年到1842年。1842年战争结束时签订了《南京条约》，开放若干重要口岸——厦门、福州、宁波、上海和旧称Canton的广州港。促进贸易的目的达到了。条约规定降低关税，你们还会记得，还涉及香港问题，后来的处理方式有些不同。1842年时，这是一项没有期限的协议，后来，我想是在1897年或1898年加以具体化，即规定了99年的租期。

The U.S. was very concerned about this agreement between the UK and China, which resulted after the first Opium War.  President Tyler sent over Caleb Cushing, my colleague a long time ago, and he negotiated another treaty called the Treaty of Wangxia, which essentially gave the United States more of a level playing field with the UK.  It similarly opened up a lot of ports for commerce and for trade facilitation, but it also achieved a sense of extraterritoriality, the first ever, which meant that American citizens would be treated under U.S. law if they found themselves in trouble in China, which was quite unique and novel in those days, back when Ambassadors and Consuls General had enormous power over setting both trade policy for the United States, so on and so forth.

美国对英中之间作为第一次鸦片战争结果签订的这项协议非常关切。泰勒总统派来一个人，担任我现在的职务，他通过谈判与中国签订了被称作《望厦条约》的另一项条约，实质上给予美国更多的与英国平等竞争的条件。如同《南京条约》那样，《望厦条约》也开放了很多通商口岸，方便了贸易活动，而且还有史以来首次授予某种治外法权，也就是说，如果美国公民在中国与他国国民发生纷争，他们将根据美国法律得到处理，这在当时是一种非常独特和新奇的情况，当时，驻外大使和总领事对确定美国的贸易政策等等握有巨大的权力。

So the roller coaster ride continued up and down.

这样，过山车继续上下飞转。

Now we sit with a large complicated relationship that is multi-faceted, that covers virtually every foreign policy issue imaginable, and one that my President, Barack Obama, has asked to be handled in a positive, collaborative and comprehensive fashion.

现在我们面对着一个巨大复杂的多层面关系，基本上涵盖了外交政策上可以想到的每一个问题。奥巴马总统要求我们以积极、合作和全面的方式进行处理。

[At a meeting in the Oval Office of the White House, President Obama] began to lay out his vision of the U.S.-China relationship, which he described as being something that he wanted to see as positive, collaborative and comprehensive, for reasons that we discussed thereafter.  He said I think the headline issues really need to be the global economy, climate change and clean energy, and regional security, because those are the issues that affect not just the two countries, not just the region, but also the world, and we are the only two countries today that together can solve these issues.  No one else can.  I said, Mr. President, I think we can do that.  I think we can achieve that in our relationship.  It won’t be easy.  We’ll have our ups and our downs, the roller coaster like I described earlier, but I think that’s achievable.

[在白宫椭圆形办公室的一次会议上奥巴马总统] 开始描述他对于美中关系前景的规划，他说他想看到的是一种积极、合作和全面的关系，其理由我们将在下面讨论。他说最主要的问题必定是全球经济、气候变化、清洁能源，以及地区性安全，因为那些问题不仅影响美中两国及地区，而且影响全世界。此外，我们是当今唯一能合力解决这些问题的两个国家。没有任何其他国家能够做到。我说，总统先生，我想我们能够做到。我相信我们能够通过两国关系实现这个目标。那不会很容易，我们将碰到波折起伏，就像我先前形容过的过山车一样，但是我相信目标是能够实现的。

So when President Obama stepped off his plane in Shanghai just a few days ago in a very driving and cold rain – I was standing out on the tarmac and my shoes became waterlogged pretty quickly, and I didn’t take an extra pair of shoes, so I was quite cold that night – he arrived and found what he had hoped for, I believe: a relationship that by and large is entering a period where our focus will be more and more on global issues that the two of us increasingly can problem solve around.  He also landed to find that despite our differences, and we have our differences, we are moving in a direction that is positive, collaborative, and comprehensive.

于是当奥巴马总统几天之前冒着寒冷的倾盆大雨在上海走下飞机的时候——我站在露天停机坪上，我的鞋很快就灌满了水，我也没有带替换的鞋子。那天晚上真是冷极了——我觉得他在抵达后看到了他希望看到的：一种整体而言正在进入一个新阶段的关系，在这个阶段上我们的重点越来越集中在全球问题上。我们双方越来越能共同解决种种问题。他抵达之后也发现，尽管我们有分歧，我们确有分歧，但我们正在朝着一个积极、合作、全面的方向前进。

Now while the President was here – I just want to add by giving you a sense of what was left behind – he talked more about the Pacific Ocean as something that no longer divides us, but something that we are bound by, and that the U.S.-China relationship should work in a way that meets our challenges, knowing full well that no one nation alone can meet the multiple challenges of the 21st century.

总统在这里访问期间——我只想向你们补充说明一下其后的影响——他更多地谈到太平洋不再是将我们分割开来的屏障，而是将我们联系在一起的纽带，美中关系应当在迎接共同挑战的道路上发展，要明确认识到没有一国能独自迎接21世纪的重重挑战。

I would encourage all of you to take a look at the nine pages of detail that were part of the joint statement that was hammered out between both sides in the many days leading up to the visit.  In it you will find key areas, which are the focus of cooperation, including global economic recovery; regional crises in Iran, Korea, Afghanistan and Pakistan; non-proliferation; climate change and energy – four sections.  Read through it sometime if you really want to get an update on where this relationship is going.

我建议在座各位都读一读那份九页长的内容详尽的联合声明，我们双方在此次访问前经过长时间磋商才达成这份联合声明。你们在声明中会看到作为合作重点的关键领域，其中包括全球经济复苏；伊朗、北韩、阿富汗及巴基斯坦等地区危机；核不扩散；气候变化及能源等四个领域。如果你们的确想了解这一关系走向的最新动态，有时间的话不妨阅读全文。

We’ll have an opportunity in just a few short months to convene the next round of the Strategic and Economic Dialogue right here in Beijing, which will allow us again to get a check on the relationship to see how things are going, based upon having achieved a positive atmosphere that’s important to begin implementing and executing other things that together we can do.

几个月后，我们将有机会在北京举行下一轮战略与经济对话，届时可以评估这一关系，看看进展如何，而目前已出现积极气氛，这对开始履行和实施其他我们能够共同实现的目标意义重大。

So part of [President Obama\'s] visit resulted in a few important things that I’m going to point out.  First, military to military exchanges, something that we haven’t seen much of for over a year now.  The increase in officers going back and forth; the increase in search and rescue operations; the ability for junior officers to engage in important exchanges; and for us to communicate more openly about our intentions, promoting transparency, which is mighty important between our two countries today.

因此，我要说明[奥巴马总统的]此次访问所取得的几项重要成果。首先是军队间的相互交流，这是我们一年来见得不多的情况。军官往来增多；搜救行动增加；下级军官能够参与重要的交往；我们就我们的意图更加公开地进行交流，提高透明度，这在今天对于我们两国非常重要。

Second, facilitating a bilateral mechanism for people-to-people and cultural exchanges, which is what many of you are part of.  Now I can think of few things more important than this one because if we’re really going to take the U.S.-China relationship seriously, you have to ensure that the next generation coming up is given the opportunities to study and to engage in exchanges, to learn languages, and to have a better opportunity to investigate a system that is foreign to Americans and our system which is very foreign to Chinese students here.  So by getting 100,000 more U.S. students [to China] over the next four years – this won’t be easy, to be sure, but it’s doable – I think it could be one of the more important lasting legacies of this year in U.S.-China relations.

第二，增进人民及文化交往的双边机制，而我们许多人正是这种交往的一部分。我能想到的比这更重要的事情实在不多，因为，如果我们确实认真对待美中两国关系的话，就必须确保下一代人有研习、参加交流和学语言的机会，有更多的机会考察了解对美国人来说陌生的制度，以及对这里的中国学生来说非常陌生的美国制度。因此，通过在今后四年再[向中国]输送100,000 名美国学生——这肯定不容易，但可以做到——我想，这会是今年在美中关系史上留下的较为重要的长期贡献之一。

Third, on climate change, we may have some differences on how hard and how fast certain commitments play out over the short term, but both sides recognize the importance of dramatically reducing carbon emissions by mid-century and finding new energy conservation measures.  The Danish proposal was always discussed, having been put forward by Prime Minister Rasmussen, that includes a peer review feature that we feel is very important.

第三，在气候变化问题上，我们可能对具体承诺在短期内产生效果的强度和速度存在一些分歧，但是双方都认识到要在本世纪中期大幅度降低碳排放并找到能源保护新措施的重要性。由丹麦首相拉斯穆森提出的方案一直都在讨论之中，我们认为其中包括的同行评议环节非常重要。

Fourth, clean energy.  Aside from the U.S.-China Clean Energy Research Centers, which have been written about and talked about for some weeks now, there were several new initiatives in the areas of electric vehicles and clean building energy efficiency.

第四，清洁能源。除了过去几周来广受议论与报道的美中清洁能源研究中心之外，在电动车和清洁建筑能效方面还有几项新举措。

People just stumble over these things.  Just take that one area, for example.  Clean building energy efficiency.  When you stop to consider that China over the next ten years will be building more in the way of commercial office space than we have in our total inventory in the United States, you get some sense of how important this is and what an important contribution it could be if done right to global emissions over the next many years.  We’re also going to promote an energy partnership on shale gas resources as well as work to promote technologies and cooperation on large-scale carbon gas sequestration projects.

这都是生活中常见的。仅以其中的清洁建筑能效为例：当你停下来思考一下，中国在未来十年将兴建的商业办公设施会超过我们在美国的这类设施的总面积，就知道这个方面有多重要，如果做法得当，中国在未来多年将为减少全球排放量作出多么重要的贡献。我们也会提倡页岩气资源的能源合作关系，并致力于推动大规模碳封存项目的技术与合作。

Fifth, on nuclear proliferation, we’re going to pursue ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty; negotiations are going to be launched on the Fissile Material Cutoff Treaty; and China has agreed to actively participate in preparation for the April 2010 Nuclear Safety Summit.

第五，就核武器扩散而言，我们将致力于促使《全面禁止核试验条约》获得批准；并将就《裂变材料禁产条约》展开谈判；中国也已同意积极参与定于2010年4月举行的核安全峰会的筹备工作。

Sixth, on the global economic crisis, the two Presidents were quite outspoken that what has emerged from this crisis and our joint cooperation was essential in weathering the early storms.  Much of what both countries did was not public or visible in the early days of the crisis, but we did end up with good stimulus packages, reassured the markets, and stabilized bonded credit systems.

第六，关于全球经济危机，两国首脑都对这场危机的后果直言不讳，并阐明了双方的合作对于挺过早期风暴至关重要。两国采取的行动在危机初期大多没有公开或并不醒目，但是我们确实推出了良好的刺激方案，重建了市场信心，并稳定了抵押信贷系统。

But we need to keep in mind that the new global economic order that emerges in the aftermath of the crisis that we are experiencing will look very different from the one that preceded it, which means recognizing the limits of depending primarily on American consumers and Asian exports to drive growth.

但我们应当谨记，在这场我们尚未走出的危机的影响下形成的全球经济新秩序将与原有秩序完全不同，我们必须认识到主要依赖美国消费者和亚洲的出口产品来刺激增长的局限性。

The new strategy of balanced economic growth in America means more saving and less spending; reforming our financial system; reducing our long term deficit; exporting more; and in the process, creating more and better paying jobs and committing to an open market all the while.

美国实现平衡经济增长的新战略意味着增加储蓄并减少开支；改革美国的金融体系；减少我们的长期赤字；增加出口；在这个过程中创造更多薪酬更高的就业机会并始终保持市场开放。

In China, the new strategy of economic growth means higher standards of living for workers and consumers through greater choice in the market place, improved infrastructure, a modern financial structure, better housing, quality health care, and a more fully developed social safety net that Premier Wen Jiabao mentioned just the other day as being critically important to the economic transition that is now underway.

在中国，实现经济增长的新战略意味着提高劳动者与消费者的生活水平，具体途径是在市场中增加选择机会，使各种基础设施得到改善，使金融结构现代化，改善住房条件，提供高质量的医疗服务以及温家宝总理在前一天刚提到的一个更加全面发展的社会保障网，他认为这个社会保障网对于现在正在实行的经济转型至关重要。

There is every reason to think that on China will succeed, and that its extraordinary record of accomplishment over the last 30 years can be sustained.  And there is every reason to think America will once again regain its preeminent role as an American powerhouse.  You see, we are a nation that responds well to adversity.  I think we’re going to look back on the last few years as a period that allowed us to change course and to look anew at our priorities in the future.

我们完全有理由相信中国将会成功，中国近30年来创造的非凡业绩将会保持下去。我们也完全有理由相信，美国将再次赢得美利坚强国的卓越地位。你们知道， 我们是一个善于迎逆境而起的国家。我想我们将来回顾这几年时，会把这段时间视为促使我们改变方针、从新的角度审视我们今后各项重点的时期。

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