2010年胡锦涛在G20第五次峰会上的讲话

2010年11月胡锦涛在二十国集团领导人第五次峰会上的讲话

再接再厉 共促发展
——在二十国集团领导人第五次峰会上的讲话
中华人民共和国主席 胡锦涛
2010年11月12日，首尔

Build on Achievements and Promote Development
Remarks by H.E. Hu Jintao
President of the People\'s Republic of China
At the Fifth G20 Summit
Seoul, 12 November 2010

尊敬的李明博总统，
各位同事：

President Lee Myung-bak,
Dear Colleagues,

很高兴来到首尔参加二十国集团领导人第五次峰会，同各位同事共商促进经济复苏、推动世界发展大计。首先，我谨对李明博总统和韩国政府为本次峰会所作的积极努力和周到安排表示衷心的感谢！对各国在上海世博会的精彩展示表示诚挚的祝贺！

It gives me great pleasure to attend the fifth G20 summit in Seoul and discuss with you the important subject of promoting economic recovery and world development. Let me begin by extending sincere thanks to President Lee Myung-bak and the ROK government for the active preparations and thoughtful arrangements they have made for the meeting. I would also like to take this opportunity to warmly congratulate all countries on their wonderful exhibition at Expo 2010 Shanghai China.

在二十国集团和国际社会共同努力下，世界经济正在缓慢复苏，但总需求依然不足，缺少新的经济增长点。各国经济政策目标有差异，宏观经济政策协调难度增大，世界经济复苏的脆弱性和不平衡性进一步显现。主要发达经济体复苏动力不足，失业率居高不下，财政和债务风险加大。新兴经济体面临资本大量流入、内需不足、通胀风险上升等多重压力。国际金融市场起伏不定，主要货币汇率大幅波动，大宗商品价格高位震荡，保护主义明显增强。这表明，国际金融危机深层次影响仍在发酵，全球发展问题更加突出。我们要本着对历史、对未来负责的态度，站在维护人类共同利益的高度，发扬同舟共济精神，再接再厉，努力促进世界经济强劲、可持续、平衡增长。

Thanks to the concerted efforts of the G20 and the entire international community, the world economy is slowly recovering. However, total demand remains insufficient in the absence of new sources of growth. Countries differ in policy objectives, making macroeconomic policy coordination even more difficult and global recovery even more fragile and uneven. Major advanced economies are plagued by sluggish recovery, high unemployment and greater fiscal and debt risks. Emerging economies are confronted with the pressure of massive capital inflow, lagging domestic demand and rising inflation risks. International financial markets suffer from persistent volatility, the exchange rates of major currencies fluctuate drastically, commodity prices hover at high levels, and protectionism is notably on the rise. All this shows that the deep-seated impact of the international financial crisis is still reverberating. Global development issues are more pronounced. We must adopt an attitude responsible to history and the future, bear in mind the common interests of mankind, build on what we have already achieved and continue to work in concert for strong, sustainable and balanced growth of the world economy.

为实现这一目标，我愿提出以下建议。

To this end, I wish to make the following proposals:

第一，完善框架机制，推动合作发展。促进世界经济强劲、可持续、平衡增长，对世界具有重要意义。当前，世界经济正处于企稳复苏的关键时期，实现经济强劲增长是我们的首要任务。一年前，二十国集团领导人在匹兹堡峰会上决定建立强劲、可持续、平衡增长框架，为包括发达国家和新兴市场国家在内的世界主要经济体加强宏观经济政策协调构建了重要平台。当前，二十国集团正处于从应对国际金融危机的有效机制向促进国际经济合作的主要平台转变。我们应该继续坚持成员国主导原则，充分考虑各国不同国情和发展阶段，理解并尊重各国选择发展道路和发展政策的自主权。我们应该继续完善和改进评估标准，强劲、可持续、平衡增长三者同等重要，在标准制定和实施过程中要统筹兼顾、全面推进。我们应该完善框架，使框架从短期应急向长效治理转变，加强各国中长期政策协调。我们应该加强宏观经济政策协调，大力推动国际新兴产业和科技合作，想方设法创造就业机会，支持发展中国家采取调整结构、扩大内需、增加出口等措施，促进各国经济优势互补和互惠增长。只要我们坚持互利共赢的发展伙伴精神，推动世界经济强劲、可持续、平衡增长的目标就能够实现。

First, improve the Framework for Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth and promote cooperative development. Strong, sustainable and balanced economic growth is of great significance to the whole world. As the world economy is at a critical juncture of stabilizing and recovering, achieving strong growth is our primary task. A year ago, we decided at the Pittsburgh Summit to launch the Framework for Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth. This Framework is an important platform for major advanced and emerging market economies to strengthen macroeconomic policy coordination. The G20 is now transforming from an effective mechanism in tackling the financial crisis to the premier forum for international economic cooperation. We should stick to the country-led principle, take into full account the different national circumstances and development stages of various members, and appreciate and respect each country\'s independent choice of development path and policies. The assessment criteria should be further improved. Since strong growth, sustainable growth and balanced growth are equally important, we must give them equal attention and push forward growth in a comprehensive way in the formulation and implementation of assessment criteria. We need to improve the Framework so that the Framework can shift its focus from emergency response to long-term governance and contribute to more effective medium- to long-term global policy coordination. We should strengthen macroeconomic policy coordination, energetically advance international cooperation in new industries and science and technology, employ every means to create jobs, and support developing countries in adopting measures to adjust economic structure, expand domestic demand and increase exports. We should encourage various economies to draw on each other\'s strengths for mutually beneficial growth. As long as we remain committed to the spirit of mutually beneficial partnership for development, the goal of strong, sustainable and balanced global economic growth will be achieved.

第二，倡导开放贸易，推动协调发展。以各国资源禀赋为基础开展国际分工和自由贸易，体现了经济规律的客观要求，顺应了经济全球化深入发展的历史潮流。世界近现代史的发展历程表明，贸易越是自由，世界就越是发展；经济越是开放，发展就越是迅速。当前形势下，我们应该坚定不移推进自由贸易，坚定不移恪守历次峰会承诺，坚定不移反对各种形式的保护主义，取消已有的贸易保护措施。我们应该大幅减少各种贸易和投资壁垒，不断扩大共同利益，通过平等对话妥善处理摩擦和分歧，取消对高新技术产品出口的不合理限制，共同营造自由开放、公平公正的全球贸易环境；提倡协调，不搞对抗，加强对话，扩大合作，为世界经济增长营造良好环境，努力实现互利共赢。我们应该把贸易和发展有机结合起来，体现二十国集团以共同发展为导向、以共同繁荣为己任的全球经济治理精神。我们应该恪守承诺，按照维护多哈授权、锁定已有成果、以现有谈判案文为基础的原则，推动多哈回合谈判早日取得全面均衡的成果，实现发展回合目标，促进建立开放自由的全球贸易体制。

Second, champion open trade and promote coordinated development. To pursue international division of labor and free trade based on the resources endowment of individual countries reflects the law of economics and conforms to the historical trend of globalization. Modem world histoiy shows that freer trade brings greater development to the world and a more open economy leads to more rapid development. In the current situation, we must be firmly committed to free trade, to the consensus reached at previous G20 summits, and to the effort of opposing all forms of protectionism and removing existing trade protectionist measures. We should substantially reduce trade and investment barriers, broaden common interests, properly handle frictions and differences through dialogue on an equal footing, lift unreasonable restrictions on high-tech exports and jointly foster a free, open, equitable and just global trading environment. We should encourage coordination, refrain from confrontation and step up dialogue and cooperation so as to shape a favorable environment for global economic growth and win-win progress. We should coordinate trade and development strategies to reflect the G20 spirit of global economic governance for common development and shared prosperity. We should honor our commitments and work for comprehensive and balanced outcomes at the Doha Round negotiations in order to attain the goals of the development round at an early date and establish an open and free global trading system. To do this, we should uphold the mandate of the Doha Round, lock in previous achievements and work on the basis of the existing negotiating text.

第三，完善金融体系，推动稳定发展。今年，世界银行投票权和国际货币基金组织份额的两项改革都取得了进展，应该按照已确定的时间落实到位。国际金融机构改革是长期和动态的过程，份额和投票权改革只是一个起点，还有许多任务尚未完成。我们应该继续推动以公平择优为原则选择国际金融机构管理层，提高发展中国家中高层管理人员比例，填补发展中国家在国际企融机构制度框架中的管理缺口。我们应该推动国际货币基金组织加强资本流动监测预警，防止资金大进大出对单个经济体的破坏性冲击。加强国际金融监管应该着眼于平衡金融监管和金融创新、政府干预、市场调节的关系，致力于解决国际金融体系中存在的系统性、根源性问题，使金融体系依靠、服务、促进实体经济发展；坚持高标准、严要求，跟踪评估各成员执行新监管标准情况；加强对信用评级机构、影子银行体系和跨境资本流动的监管。我们应该完善国际货币体系，建立币值稳定、供应有序、总量可调的国际储备货币体系，主要储备货币发行经济体应该实施负责任的政策、保持汇率相对稳定，增强新兴市场国家和发展中国家应对金融风险能力，缓和并逐步解决造成外汇流动性风险的根本矛盾。

Third, reform the financial system and promote stable development. Both the World Bank voting power reform and the IMF quota reform have made progress this year, and what has been decided should be implemented within the agreed timeframe. The reform of international financial institutions (IFIs) is a long and dynamic process. Quota and voting power reforms are just a starting point and much remains to be done. We should continue to push for fair and merit-based selection of the management of international financial institutions, enable more people from developing countries to take up mid-level and senior management positions and redress the underrepresentation of developing countries at the management level in the institutional framework of IFIs. We should support the IMF in its effort to strengthen the monitoring and early warning of capital flows and prevent the destructive impact of large capital movement, both inward and outward, on individual economies. While tightening international financial supervision and regulation, we need to seek the right balance between financial regulation and innovation, and between government intervention and market forces, and address the systemic and fundamental problems in the international financial system so that the system will become one that relies on, serves and buttresses the development of the real economy. We should rigorously track and assess G20 members\' compliance with the new regulatory standards. We should strengthen supervision and regulation over credit rating agencies, the shadow banking system and trans-border capital flows. We should improve the international monetary system and build an international reserve currency system with stable value, rule-based issuance and manageable supply. The major reserve currency issuing economies should adopt responsible policies, maintain relative stability of exchange rates and help enhance the resilience of emerging market economies and developing countries against financial risks, thus easing and gradually removing the fundamental problems behind foreign exchange liquidity risks.

第四，缩小发展差距，推动平衡发展。世界经济发展不平衡表现在方方面面，最突出的是南北发展严重失衡。深层原因是国际秩序不公正、制度不完善、机会不均等。从根本上说，没有广大发展中国家充分发展就谈不上世界真正发展，没有最不发达国家脱贫致富就谈不上世界持久繁荣。前不久，联合国成功召开千年发展目标高级别会议，各方承诺努力克服困难，全力推动实现千年发展目标。这是联合国的庄严承诺，也是二十国集团成员的共同责任。我们应该建立更平等、更均衡的新型全球发展伙伴关系，促进发达国家和发展中国家相互理解、相互协调，避免走相互指责、公开对立的老路；重视二十国集团宏观经济政策对发展中国家的外溢效应，着力推动南北合作，拓展利益交汇点，树立以发展促增长、以合作抗风险的新发展理念；提升发展问题在国际议程中的位置，从宏观和战略高度推动解决发展问题。我们应该支持联合国及其专门机构在国际发展合作中继续发挥重要作用，增强世界银行等国际机构发展职能，为国际发展合作提供坚实机制保障。我们应该倡导和推广新的发展方式，降低人为技术转让壁垒，为广大发展中国家早日实现绿色发展和可持续发展创造条件。我们应该共同推动坎昆气候变化大会继续坚持共同但有区别的责任原则，坚持“巴厘路线图”双轨谈判机制和授权，坚持减缓、适应、资金、技术并重，坚持公开透明、广泛参与、协商一致的谈判方式，注意倾听广大发展中国家呼声，在哥本哈根气候变化大会所取得成果基础上，在《哥本哈根协议》政治共识指导下，进一步取得积极成果。

Fourth, narrow the development gap and promote balanced development. Among the various imbalances in the world economy, the most prominent is the serious development imbalance between the North and the South. The underlying reason is that the international order is unfair, with institutional deficiencies and lack of equal access to opportunities. In the final analysis, without the full development of developing countries, there can be no genuine global development. And if the least developed countries remain in poverty, enduring global prosperity can only be empty talk. At the recent UN High-Level Plenary Meeting on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), all parties committed to overcome difficulties and do everything possible to achieve the MDGs. This represents the solemn commitment of the United Nations and the common responsibility of G20 members. We must endeavor to build a new and more equal and balanced global partnership and encourage developed and developing countries to have more mutual understanding and closer coordination rather than follow the old path of trading accusations and public confrontation. We should pay attention to the spillover effect of G20 macroeconomic policies on developing countries. We should make great efforts to promote North-South cooperation, expand common interests and embrace a new development concept that promotes growth through development and overcomes risks through cooperation. We should move development up on the international agenda and address the issue of development from a macro and strategic perspective. We should support the United Nations and its specialized agencies in continuing to play an important role in international development cooperation and strengthen the development function of the World Bank and other international institutions so as to provide strong institutional guarantee for international development cooperation. We should advocate new ways of development and reduce artificial barriers to technology transfer in order to create conditions for developing countries to achieve green and sustainable development at an early date. We should work together to ensure that the Cancun climate change conference will continue to follow the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and the dual-track negotiation mechanism and mandate of the Bali Roadmap. The Cancun conference should give equal importance to mitigation, adaptation, funding and technological support, adhere to the principle of openness, transparency, broad participation and consensus-building in conducting negotiations and pay more attention to the voice of developing countries. It should seek positive outcomes by building on the achievements of the Copenhagen conference and following the guidance of the political consensus embodied in the Copenhagen Accord.

各位同事！

Dear Colleagues,

中国发展是世界发展的重要组成部分。改革开放以来，中国人民克服困难、艰苦奋斗，减少了两亿多绝对贫困人口，解决了13亿人的温饱问题，正在向着全面建设小康社会目标迈进。与此同时，中国尽己所能、向其他发展中国家提供真诚无私援助，积极促进南南合作，努力为世界发展作出贡献。

China\'s development is an important part of world development. Since reform and opening-up, China has lifted over 200 million people out of absolute poverty and provided for the basic needs of 1.3 billion Chinese. We are now working towards the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. We have made our achievements through strenuous efforts and by overcoming numerous difficulties. Meanwhile, China has offered sincere and selfless assistance to fellow developing countries as its ability permits and actively promoted South-South cooperation, contributing its share to world development.

进入21世纪第二个10年，中国发展进入新的历史时期。我们根据国内外形势发展变化，提出了加快转变经济发展方式的战略目标，重点加快调整国民收入分配结构、城乡结构、区域结构、产业结构，加快推进科技创新，加快建设现代农业、生态文明、文化产业、社会保障体系，努力推动经济社会协调发展。为扩大内需，中国采取了一系列政策措施，取得了明显成效。2009年，中国社会消费品零售总额增长15.5%，最终消费带动经济增长4.1个百分点，对经济增长的贡献率回升到45.4%。2010年1月至9月，中国社会消费品零售总额增长18.3%，内需对经济的拉动作用进一步增强。同期，中国进口额和出口额分别增长42.4%和34.0%，贸易顺差同比下降10.5%，外贸平衡状况和国际收支平衡进一步改善。

With the advent of the second decade of the 21st century, China\'s development has entered a new stage. In the light of changing domestic and external situation, we have set the strategic goal of accelerating the transformation of economic development pattern. We will speed up efforts to adjust the income distribution structure, urban-rural development structure, regional development structure and industrial structure, promote scientific and technological innovation, and develop modern agriculture, conservation culture, cultural industries and the social safety net to bring about balanced economic and social development. The series of policies and measures China adopted to boost domestic demand has produced notable results. In 2009, China\'s total retail sales rose by 15.5%. Final consumption accounted for 4.1 percentage points in the economic growth rate. In other words, it contributed 45.4% to last year\'s economic growth. In the first nine months of this year, total retail sales in China grew by 18.3%, reflecting the greater role of domestic demand in economic growth. In the same period, China\'s imports and exports were up by 42.4% and 34.0% respectively and trade surplus was down by 10.5% year-on-year, a demonstration of further improvement in foreign trade balance and international balance of payments.

中国已经确立了今后5年发展的总体方向和战略任务，我们将坚持以科学发展为主题，以加快转变经济发展方式为主线，深化改革开放，保障和改善民生，促进经济长期平稳较快发展和社会和谐稳定。转变经济发展方式、扩大内需、改善民生将是我们推动经济社会发展的重点。我们将围绕增强居民消费能力、改善居民消费预期、培育壮大消费热点、完善消费环境等制定政策措施，加快调整国民收入分配格局，多渠道增加居民收入，提高社会保障水平，逐步提高最低工资标准，扩大消费信贷，加强商贸流通体系等基础设施建设，促进居民消费持续较快增长，继续促进经济增长向依靠消费、投资、出口协调拉动转变，实现全面协调可持续发展，为世界经济发展作出新的贡献。

China has identified the overall direction and strategic tasks of development in the next five years. Staying committed to scientific development and focusing on transforming the economic development pattern at a faster pace, we will deepen reform and opening up, ensure and improve people\'s livelihood and strive for sustained, stable and fast economic development and social harmony and stability. Transforming the economic development pattern, expanding domestic demand and improving people\'s well-being will be our priority tasks in advancing economic and social development. We will introduce policy measures to enhance people\'s spending power, improve consumption expectations, cultivate areas of high consumer demand and foster a better environment for consumption. We will expedite the adjustment of income distribution pattern, increase people\'s income through multiple channels, upgrade the level of social security and steadily raise the minimum wage. We will expand consumer credit and develop better commercial distribution infrastructure in order to achieve sustained and fast growth in consumer spending. We will continue with our effort to shift the driver of economic growth to consumption, investment and export. All in all, we will strive for comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development and make new contributions to world economic development.

各位同事！

Dear Colleagues,

让我们拿出百倍的勇气和智慧，携手并肩，团结向前，共同推动世界全面发展，共同开创人类美好明天！

Let us show greater courage and wisdom and work hand-in-hand for the all-round development of the world and a better future for mankind.

谢谢大家。

Thank you.