胡主席在戛纳G20峰会的讲话

2011年11月3日，国家主席胡锦涛在法国戛纳举行的二十国集团领导人第六次峰会上发表题为《合力推动增长 合作谋求共赢》的重要讲话。讲话全文如下：

尊敬的萨科齐总统，各位同事：
President Nicolas Sarkozy, dear Colleagues,

很高兴来到戛纳出席二十国集团领导人第六次峰会，同各位同事共商应对风险挑战、推动世界发展大计。首先，我谨对萨科齐总统和法国政府为本次峰会所作的积极努力和周到安排，表示衷心的感谢！
I am glad to come to Cannes to attend the sixth G20 Summit and explore with you ways to counter risks and challenges and promote global development. First of all, I wish to express sincere thanks to you, President Sarkozy, and the French government for the active efforts and thoughtful arrangements you have made for the summit.

当前，世界经济形势值得我们高度关注，一些主要经济体经济增速下滑，一些国家主权债务问题突出，国际金融市场动荡不已，新兴市场国家通胀压力仍然较大，各种形式的保护主义愈演愈烈，西亚北非局势持续动荡，极端气候和自然灾害频发也给世界经济带来负面影响，世界经济复苏的不稳定性不确定性突出，风险挑战增多。
The current world economic situation deserves our high attention. Some major economies are experiencing economic slowdown, and some countries are facing acute sovereign debt problems. Volatility in the international financial markets persists. High inflationary pressure confronts emerging markets. Protectionism in various forms is mounting. The continuing turbulence in west Asia and north Africa as well as extreme weather conditions and frequent natural disasters have also exerted negative impact on the world economy. As a result, the global economic recovery is fraught with instability and uncertainty and encounters growing risks and challenges.

2008年国际金融危机发生以来的种种情况表明，我们面对的不是一场单纯的经济金融危机，这场危机暴露出若干体制机制、政策理念、发展方式的弊端。世界经济发展正处在何去何从的十字路口，全球经济治理正面临十分艰巨的任务，需要我们登高望远，超越具体分歧，超越一时得失，共同探索走出危机、实现发展的正确途径。作为国际经济合作的主要论坛，二十国集团应该继续发扬同舟共济、合作共赢的精神，在这个关键时刻抓住主要矛盾，共同提振市场信心，积极化解风险挑战，努力促进世界经济增长和金融稳定。为此，我愿提出几点建议。
What has happened since the outbreak of the international financial crisis in 2008 shows that we are facing not just an economic and financial crisis. It is a crisis that has exposed certain deficiencies in the existing institutions and mechanisms, policies and approaches, and ways of development. The world economy is now at a crossroads and global economic governance faces arduous tasks. It is imperative that we stand on a higher plane, transcend differences on specific issues, move beyond short-term considerations, and jointly seek ways to overcome the crisis and sustain development. As the premier forum for international economic cooperation, the G20 must continue to demonstrate the spirit of standing together in times of adversity and pursuing win-win cooperation. At this critical moment, the G20 must work to address the key problems, boost market confidence, defuse risks and meet challenges, and promote global economic growth and financial stability. I wish to make the following proposals in this connection.

第一，坚持在增长中兼顾平衡。在强劲、可持续、平衡这3个目标中，确保强劲增长是首要。尤其是在当前世界经济面临重大风险、市场动荡不定的情况下，保增长、促稳定应该成为二十国集团领导人峰会的当务之急。我们应该出台新的有力举措，把财政和货币政策落到实处，确保资金流向实体经济部门，扩大生产，增加就业。我们应该重点关注扶持中小企业发展，通过融资、财税等手段帮助它们尽快摆脱困境，为各国经济复苏提供坚实支撑。我们应该充分挖掘科技潜力，积极培育增长亮点，增强经济复苏的内在动力。同时，我们应该加快各自经济结构调整步伐，努力实现世界经济相对平衡增长。
First, ensure growth while paying attention to balance. Strong growth is the primary goal in pursuing strong, sustainable and balanced growth. Given the serious risks facing the global economy and continued market volatility, ensuring growth and promoting stability should be the top priority for the G20 Summit. We should introduce new and strong measures to ensure that the fiscal and monetary policies are fully implemented and that funding is channeled into the real economy to boost production and employment. We should make major efforts to support the development of small- and medium-sized enterprises and help them speedily overcome the current difficulties by providing financing and fiscal support and tax incentives, thus laying a solid foundation for promoting economic recovery. We should fully tap into the potential of science and technology, nurture growth drivers and build up the internal dynamism of economic recovery. At the same time, we should speed up the adjustment of our respective economic structures and endeavor to achieve fairly balanced growth of the global economy.

第二，坚持在合作中谋求共赢。目前，各国经济发展面临的形势不同，利益诉求差异加大，矛盾和摩擦增多。市场信心严重不足。形势越严峻，越显示出加强国际协调和合作的必要和迫切。我们应该加强团结，释放合作谋共赢的强有力信号，增强国际社会对世界经济复苏和发展的信心。我们应该加强沟通和协调，努力形成相互支持、相互补充的政策措施，妥善化解主权债务、跨境资本大规模无序流动等金融风险，控制大宗商品价格波动，有效缓解全球通胀压力，避免各国经济政策效果相互抵消。
Second, pursue win-win outcome through cooperation. As countries vary in economic situation and have growing differences in terms of interest, there are now rising rifts and frictions among them. There is also acute lack of confidence in the markets. This grave situation shows the urgency of enhancing international coordination and cooperation. We should strengthen unity and send a strong signal of pursuing win-win cooperation to the world so as to boost the confidence of the international community in global economic recovery and development. We should strengthen consultation and coordination, introduce mutually supporting and complementing policy measures, and tackle sovereign debt risks, massive unregulated cross-border flow of capital and other financial risks. We should keep the fluctuation of commodity prices under control, mitigate global inflationary pressure and make sure that the economic policies pursued by various countries do not offset each other.

第三，坚持在改革中完善治理。国际金融危机凸显了全球经济治理体系的弊端，也促使我们开启了推进全球经济治理新体系建设的历史进程。我们注意到，国际金融机构和金融监管改革取得一定进展，新兴市场国家和发展中国家代表性和发言权有所增加。同时，我们也应该看到，国际货币体系、国际贸易体系、大宗商品价格形成机制等仍需大力改革和完善。我们应该稳妥推进国际货币体系改革，扩大国际货币基金组织特别提款权的使用，改革其货币组成篮子，建立币值稳定、供应有序、总量可调的国际储备货币体系。我们应该继续高举自由贸易旗帜，反对贸易和投资保护主义，坚定推动多哈回合谈判，重申不采取新的贸易保护主义措施的承诺，致力于建立公平、合理、非歧视的国际贸易体系。我们应该推动形成更加合理透明的大宗商品定价和调控机制，扩大产能、稳定供求、加强监管、抑制投机，实现和保持大宗商品价格合理稳定，着力保障全球能源安全和粮食安全，尤其是要保障发展中国家能源和粮食消费需求。我们应该坚持推进改革的决心不动摇，朝着更加公正合理的全球经济治理体系不断迈进。
Third, improve governance in the course of reform. The international financial crisis has highlighted the deficiencies in the global economic governance system, but it has also enabled us to set out on a historic process of building a new system of global economic governance. We have taken note of the progress made in reforming international financial institutions and in the financial regulatory reform and the increase in the voice and representation of emerging markets and developing countries. Still, major efforts should be made to reform and improve the international monetary system, international trading system and commodity pricing mechanism. We should advance the reform of the international monetary system in a steady manner, expand the use of the SDR of the IMF, reform the SDR currency basket, and build an international reserve currency system with stable value, rule-based issuance and manageable supply. We should be firmly committed to free trade, oppose trade and investment protectionism, move forward the Doha Round negotiations, reaffirm the commitment of not taking new trade protectionist measures, and work to build a fair, equitable and non-discriminatory international trading system. We should work to make the commodity pricing and regulating mechanism more equitable and transparent, expand production capacity, stabilize supply and demand, strengthen supervision and curb speculation so as to maintain the stability of commodity prices at a reasonable level. We should ensure global energy security and food security, and in particular, meet the energy and food needs of developing countries. We should remain firm in our resolve to advance reform and make continued progress towards the building of a more just and equitable system of global economic governance.

第四，坚持在创新中不断前进。目前这场危机再次十分严肃地向我们提出了人类生产生活活动应该如何开展这个重大命题，考验着我们的智慧和能力，亟待我们采取行动。创新是人类社会发展的不竭动力。应对这场危机，需要锐意进取，不断完善和创新经济社会发展的理念、体制、模式，处理好政府和市场、劳动和资本、生产和消费、公平和效率等重要关系。我们既应该充分发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用，又不能放任唯利是图、恶性竞争；既应该充分发挥政府在宏观调控和维护社会公平正义方面的关键作用，又要避免脱离实际、大包大揽。我们既应该大力提倡科技创新、不断提高产业技术水平，又应该始终把增加就业、改善民生摆在首位，使科技进步和扩大就业相得益彰。我们既应该大力促进生产、不断夯实社会发展的物质基础，又应该更加注重收入的合理分配，使社会生产能力提高和民众生活改善相互促进。
Fourth, strive for progress through innovation. The current crisis has once again raised a serious and fundamental issue, namely, how mankind should conduct activities affecting production and livelihood. This is a test on our vision and ability, and it cries out for urgent action. Innovation is an inexhaustible source of human progress. To overcome the crisis, we need to make pioneering efforts. We should improve and innovate our thinking, system and mode for advancing economic and social development, and strike a balance in such important relationships as those between government and market, labor and capital, production and consumption, and equity and efficiency. We should bring into full play the basic role of the market in resources allocation while avoiding blind pursuit of profit and malicious competition. The government should play a key role in macro-regulation and upholding social equity and justice while avoiding being divorced from reality and keeping all responsibilities to itself. We should vigorously pursue scientific innovation and upgrade industrial technologies. At the same time, we should continue to make creating jobs and improving people\'s life our top priority, so that progress in science and technology and expansion in employment will complement each other. We should boost production and strengthen the material foundation for social development. At the same time, we should ensure more equitable distribution of income, so that growth in social productivity and improvement in people\'s living standards will reinforce each other.

第五，坚持在发展中共促繁荣。从根本上看，世界经济发展的最大瓶颈在于广大发展中国家未能实现充分发展，使世界范围内有效需求增长未能跟上生产力发展步伐。长期以来，发达国家和发展中国家资源占有失衡，财富分配不公，发展机会不均，形成“越不发展越落后，越落后就越难发展”的恶性循环，最终制约了世界经济持久稳定增长。加快发展中国家经济社会发展，既是联合国确定的千年发展目标，也是实现世界繁荣的必由之路，国际社会应该在这方面多想办法、多出政策。首尔峰会通过了《共享增长的“首尔发展共识”》和跨年度行动计划，对缩小发展鸿沟、推动共同增长具有重要意义。我们应该继续挖掘新兴市场国家和发展中国家经济发展潜力，大力促进发展中国家经济发展，带动全球总需求扩大。我们应该充分反映世界经济格局变化，继续增加新兴市场国家和发展中国家在全球经济治理中的发言权，为发展中国家发展创造良好制度环境。我们应该推动建立更加平等、更加均衡的新型全球发展伙伴关系，加强南北对话和南南合作，加强同联合国在发展领域的协调和合作，支持联合国及其专门机构继续在发展领域发挥重要作用。中国作为发展中国家的一员，愿意同其他发展中国家开展互帮互助，共同致力于促进世界持久和平与共同繁荣。
Fifth, promote common prosperity through development. In the final analysis, the most serious bottleneck in world economic development is the inability of developing countries to achieve full development. As a result, growth in effective global demand has not kept pace with the growth in productivity. For years, there has been an imbalance between developed and developing countries in terms of access to resources, wealth distribution and development opportunities. This has created a vicious circle where underdevelopment leads to backwardness and backwardness hinders development, thus hampering sustained and steady growth of the global economy. To speed up economic and social development in developing countries is a UN Millennium Development Goal, and it is the only way leading to global prosperity. The international community should come up with new thinking and adopt new policies in this regard. The G20 Seoul Development Consensus for Shared Growth and the Multi-Year Action Plan are important to our efforts to narrow the development gap and promote common growth. We should further unleash the development potential of emerging markets and developing countries and boost the economic growth of developing countries in order to stimulate aggregate global demand. We should continue to increase the voice of emerging markets and developing countries in global economic governance and create an enabling institutional environment for their development, as called for by the changing global economic landscape. We should build a more equal and balanced global partnership for development, strengthen the North-South dialogue and South-South cooperation, intensify coordination and cooperation with the United Nations on development, and support the UN and its specialized agencies in continuing to play an important role in development. As a developing country, China stands ready to promote mutual assistance with other developing countries and will work with them to advance durable peace and common prosperity of the world.

今年以来，二十国集团在发展领域重点讨论了粮食安全、基础设施以及向最不发达国家提供免关税、免配额待遇等问题。这些都是中国在南南合作框架内帮助其他发展中国家的重点领域。在粮食安全领域，截至2010年底，中国通过双边渠道累计提供粮食援助共计约43亿元人民币。为帮助非洲国家应对罕见的干旱灾害和粮食危机，中国已宣布向有关国家提供总计5.332亿元人民币的紧急粮援。在基础设施领域，截至2010年底，中国共帮助发展中国家建设基础设施项目632个。2010至2012年间将向非洲提供100亿美元的优惠性质贷款，主要用于基础设施建设。2011至2015年间将为发展中国家援建200个清洁能源和环保等基础设施项目。
Food security, infrastructure, and tariff-free and quota-free treatment to the least developed countries have been the focus of the G20 consultations on development this year. They are also the key areas in which China has been helping other developing countries within the framework of South-South cooperation. Regarding food security, China had, by the end of 2010, provided 4.3 billion yuan in food aid through bilateral channels. To help African countries cope with the severe drought and food crisis, China has announced 533.2 million yuan in emergency food aid to the affected countries. In the field of infrastructure, China had, by the end of 2010, completed 632 infrastructure projects in other developing countries. Between 2010 and 2012, China will provide 10 billion US dollars in lending of a preferential nature to Africa, the bulk of which will go to infrastructural development. Between 2011 and 2015, China will build 200 infrastructural projects in clean energy and environmental protection in other developing countries.

中方坚持通过减免关税等多种途径，为发展中国家对华出口各类产品创造条件。为进一步帮助最不发达国家发展，中方愿在南南合作框架内，对同中国建交的最不发达国家97%的税目的产品给予零关税待遇。我们希望此举同时有助于推动多哈回合谈判早日实现发展回合目标。
China has taken various measures, including tariff reduction and exemption, to create conditions for other developing countries to increase exports to China. To further help the least developed countries in their development endeavor, China will, in the context of South-South cooperation, give zero-tariff treatment to 97% of the tariff items of exports to China from the least developed countries having diplomatic ties with China. We hope that this move will also help achieve the development goals of the Doha Round at an early date.

各位同事！
Dear Colleagues,

今年是中国加入世贸组织10周年。10年来，中国经济发展实现了新的跨越，对世界经济增长的贡献日益增大。10年来，中国平均关税水平从15.3%降至9.8%，达到并超过了世贸组织对发展中国家的要求。10年来，中国总计从海外进口达8.5万亿美元，为各国发展提供了广阔市场。特别是国际金融危机发生以来，一方面，中国积极应对内外各种挑战，努力保持自身经济强劲增长、为地区和世界经济复苏增添动力；另一方面，中国对国际金融机构大幅增资，向发展中国家伸出援手，从发达国家增购债券，为促进有关国家经济社会发展、稳定国际经济金融形势作出了贡献。今后5年中国进口总规模有望超过8万亿美元，这将是中国对世界经济的重大贡献。
This year marks the tenth anniversary of China\'s accession to the WTO. In the past ten years, China\'s economy has made significant advance and its contribution to world economic growth has been growing. China\'s average tariff level has dropped from 15.3% to 9.8%, which is lower than the WTO requirement for developing countries. Its total imports in this period have reached 8.5 trillion US dollars, creating a huge market for other countries. Since the outbreak of the international financial crisis, China has actively responded to domestic and external challenges to maintain strong growth at home, and add momentum to economic recovery both in the region and globally. At the same time, China has substantially increased its financial contribution to international financial institutions, extended a helping hand to other developing countries, increased bond purchase from developed countries and played its part in assisting the economic and social development of relevant countries and stabilizing the international economic and financial situation. In the coming five years, China\'s imports are expected to exceed eight trillion US dollars, which will be a major contribution of China to the global economy.

中国经济社会发展的总体形势是好的。今年以来，在世界经济形势依然复杂多变的情况下，中国有针对性地加强和改善宏观调控，着力稳物价、调结构、保民生、促和谐，经济增长由政策刺激向自主增长有序转变，国民经济继续朝着宏观调控的预期方向发展。今年前三季度，中国国内生产总值同比增长9.4%；城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均现金收入实际分别增长7.8%和13.6%；社会消费品零售总额增长17%；进口增长超过出口增长，贸易顺差比去年同期有所减少，经济增长的内外需动力更趋协调。同时，中国经济保持平稳较快发展也面临不少挑战，一些长期积累的体制性、结构性矛盾依然存在，影响经济稳定运行的不利因素较多，价格总水平仍然较高，部分中小企业经营困难，就业压力增大，节能减排形势严峻，这些都需要我们高度关注并认真加以解决。
The overall situation of China\'s economic and social development is good. In the face of the complex and volatile global economic environment, China has taken targeted measures this year to strengthen and improve macro control, with focus on stabilizing prices, adjusting the economic structure, ensuring people\'s well-being, and promoting harmony. The Chinese economy is driven more by its internal dynamism than policy stimulus. And it is moving in the direction consistent with the objectives of macro control. In the first three quarters, China\'s GDP grew by 9.4% year-on-year. The urban per capita disposable income and rural per capita cash income rose by 7.8% and 13.6% respectively in real terms. Retail sales were up 17%. China\'s imports grew faster than exports, and China\'s trade surplus decreased over the same period last year. There is a better balance between domestic and external demands in driving economic growth. On the other hand, China is confronted with quite a few challenges in its efforts to maintain steady and fast growth. Some institutional and structural problems that have built up over the years remain unresolved, and there are some negative factors affecting the sound performance of China\'s economy. For instance, the overall price level is rather high, some small- and medium-sized businesses face difficulties, job pressure is growing, and much more needs to be done in energy conservation and emissions reduction. We must pay great attention to these problems and make earnest efforts to resolve them.

为了巩固经济社会发展良好势头，我们将坚持以科学发展为主题、以加快转变经济发展方式为主线，继续加强和改善宏观调控，继续处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构、管理通胀预期的关系，更加注重以人为本，更加注重全面协调可持续发展，更加注重统筹兼顾，更加注重改革开放，更加注重保障和改善民生。我坚信，经过我们自己的艰苦努力，加上国际社会的理解和支持，中国经济发展的前景是光明的。中国经济保持平稳较快发展，对世界经济发展无疑将是有利的。
To sustain the sound momentum of China\'s economic and social development, we will continue to pursue development in a scientific way and redouble efforts to shift the growth model. We will continue to strengthen and improve macro control, and maintain a balance between achieving steady and fast economic growth, adjusting the economic structure and managing inflation expectation. Putting people\'s interests first and taking a holistic approach to development, we will work harder to achieve all-round, balanced and sustainable development, deepen reform and opening-up, and improve people\'s well-being. I am convinced that, through hard work and with the understanding and support of the international community, we will have a bright prospect for the Chinese economy. And continued steady and fast economic growth in China will serve the interest of global economic growth.

各位同事！
Dear Colleagues,

严峻的形势和艰巨的任务摆在我们面前，我们应该协力同心、迎难而上，为实现世界持久和平与共同繁荣而共同奋斗！
At a time when we face both difficulties and daunting tasks, we must pool our efforts, meet challenges head-on, and work for durable peace and common prosperity of our world.

谢谢大家。
Thank you.