关于加强中美经济关系的联合情况说明
Joint Fact Sheet on Strengthening U.S.-China Economic Relations
关于加强中美经济关系的联合情况说明
December 05, 2013
2013年12月5日
Building on President Barack Obama and President Xi Jinping’s shared commitment to building a new model of major country relations, both countries affirm their commitment to practical cooperation for the benefit of our two economies and to address global economic challenges. The United States and China reached the following outcomes on energy and climate change, innovation, and food and drug safety, under the framework of the Economic Track of the U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue (S&ED). The United States and China further reaffirm their commitment to implement fully the concrete measures pledged by each country during the Economic Track of the S&ED, in order to further support strong domestic and global growth, promote open trade and investment, enhance international rules and global economic governance, and foster financial market stability and reform.
按照习近平主席和奥巴马总统达成的建设中美新型大国关系的共识，双方承诺开展务实合作以促进两国经济，并共同应对全球经济挑战。双方通过中美战略与经济对话框架下经济对话，就能源和气候变化、创新和食品药品安全有关问题议定以下成果。中美双方再次重申，将采取切实行动全面落实中美战略与经济对话框架下经济对话的有关承诺，进一步支持国内和全球经济的强劲增长，促进开放的贸易和投资，强化国际规则和全球经济治理，并促进金融市场稳定和改革。
Strengthening Cooperation on Energy and Climate Change
加强能源和气候变化领域合作
Building on the climate accord announced by the two Presidents at Sunnylands, and the S&ED in July 2013, the United States and China affirm the importance of deepening cooperation to address climate change, reduce local air pollution, transition to a low carbon energy economy, and strengthen the resilience of global energy markets. Recognizing the significant and mutual benefits of intensified action and cooperation on energy and climate change, including enhanced energy security, a cleaner environment, both the United States and China affirm the commitments below.
基于习近平主席与奥巴马总统今年6月在美国加州安纳伯格庄园会晤时就应对气候变化达成的共识，以及7月份第五轮中美战略与经济对话的承诺，中美双方强调，在应对气候变化、减少本地大气污染、转向低碳节能经济、提高能源市场抗风险能力等领域加强合作非常重要。双方认识到在能源和气候变化领域加强行动与合作，包括强化能源安全和实现更清洁的环境非常重要并符合双方共同利益，在此作出以下承诺：
The United States and China reaffirm the importance of the U.S.-China Climate Change Working Group (CCWG) as a means for enhancing bilateral cooperation on climate change, and both sides commit to devote significant effort and resources to the five initiatives launched under this framework, including Energy Efficiency, Smart Grids, Greenhouse Gas Data Collection and Management, Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS), and Heavy Duty and Other Vehicles, in order to see concrete results by the 2014 Strategic and Economic Dialogue.
中美双方重申通过中美气候变化工作组深化双边气候变化合作的重要性。双方承诺投入大量精力和资源，落实工作组框架下提出的5项倡议，即能效，智能电网，温室气体排放数据的收集和管理，碳捕集、利用和封存，以及载重汽车和其他汽车的减排，力争在2014年中美战略与经济对话前取得实质性成果。
To help accelerate progress on the U.S.-China Climate Change Working Group Heavy-Duty and Other Vehicles initiative, the United States and China commit to implement and enforce their current schedules for implementation of low-sulfur fuel and for motor vehicle emissions standards. Both sides also commit to work together to help China design and implement China VI vehicle emissions standards as soon as practical, strengthen communication in heavy-duty vehicle fuel efficiency standards to reduce greenhouse gas emission, promote the implementation of clean action plans for heavy-duty diesel vehicles, and explore ways to design and implement the clean action plans for non-road motor vehicles and supporting diesel engines, which would reduce PM2.5 emissions and would have substantial air quality and climate benefits. The United Statescommits to provide technical assistance to achieve these goals and continue to provide technical assistance on regional air quality management and modeling, including emissions from mobile sources.
为加快中美气候变化工作组在载重汽车和其他汽车减排倡议方面的行动，中美双方承诺根据现有计划表，实施并执行使用低硫燃料和机动车尾气排放的标准。双方承诺加强合作，协助中方在条件允许的情况下尽快制定和实施第六阶段机动车尾气排放标准（国标6），就载重汽车燃油效率标准加强交流以减少温室气体排放，推进实施载重柴油车清洁行动计划，并探索制定和实施非道路移动机械及配套用柴油机清洁行动计划，这将减少PM2.5排放，并显著改善空气质量和气候状况。美方承诺提供技术援助以实现上述目标，并继续为包括交通工具尾气排放在内的区域性空气质量管控和建模提供技术援助。
The United States and China reaffirm theircommitment to implement the consensus reached by Presidents Obama and Xi Jinping on hydrofluorocarbons from June 8, 2013, and September 6, 2013.
中美双方重申致力于落实习近平主席和奥巴马总统在2013年6月8日和9月6日会晤中达成的关于氢氟碳化物问题的共识。
Both the United States and China emphasize the importance of the multilateral climate change agreement that is currently being developed for completion at the Paris Conference in 2015. Recognizing their significant roles in this regard, the two sides intend to maintain close contact throughout the negotiations, including through leader-level discussions, consulting on areas of convergence as well as divergence and working bilaterally and with other countries to bring about a successful outcome.
中美双方强调多边气候变化协定的重要性，目前各方正就此进行讨论并期待在2015年联合国气候变化巴黎会议上达成。双方认识到中美两国在此领域的重要作用，将在谈判过程中通过高层磋商等渠道保持密切联系，在有共识和有分歧的领域都进行磋商，并加强双边和与其他国家的合作，以取得成功结果。
The United States and China are to enhance transparency in the energy sector, including to increase cooperation on energy market transparency. The U.S. Energy Information Administration commits to share expertise in gathering and distributing energy data. China is to develop the capacity to publish more complete public energy statistics on a more frequent basis, and enable stronger cooperation with the Joint Organizations Data Initiative. The United States and China are to cooperate on strategic petroleum reserves, through information exchanges on policies, management, and technologiesand through annual technical meetings of U.S. and China strategic petroleum reserve authorities.
中美双方将提高能源领域透明度，包括在能源市场透明度加强合作。美国能源信息局承诺分享收集和公布能源数据方面的专业知识。中方将推进能力建设，以便加大频率发布更加完整的公共能源数据，并能够进一步加强与联合组织数据倡议（JODI）的合作。中美双方将通过政策、管理、技术等方面的信息交流和中美双方战略石油储备主管部门的年度技术会议，就战略石油储备开展合作。
The United States and China note the exceptional importance of China accelerating the development of its natural gas sector and unconventional gas resources, and recognize the positive impact shale gas development in China can have for Chinese and global energy markets. China welcomes participation in shale gas exploration and development, including by domestic and international private businesses and investors. The United States commits to engage with China on technical, standards, and policy cooperation, to facilitate the improvement of China’s regulatory frameworks, so as to promote the sound and rapid development of China’s shale gas exploration and development. The two sides commit to promote technological innovation, environmental supervision, and resource regulation in the shale gas sector and encourage the success of shale gas development in the two countries, so as to jointly promote responsible development and utilization of unconventional gas resources such as shale gas globally, and safeguard energy supply security and energy market stability.
中美双方注意到中方加快天然气产业和非常规天然气资源发展的突出重要性，并认识到中国页岩气发展可以对中国和全球能源市场发挥积极作用。中方欢迎国内、国际私营企业和投资者参与页岩气勘探开发。美方承诺与中方开展技术、标准、政策等方面的合作，并促进中方完善有关监管框架，以促进中国页岩气勘探开发的健康、快速发展。中美双方承诺共同推进页岩气行业的技术创新、环境监管和资源监管，鼓励两国页岩气开发取得成功，从而共同推进在全球范围内对页岩气等非常规天然气资源的负责任的开发利用，保障能源供应安全和能源市场稳定。
美方尊重中方增长的能源需求和经济关切，特别是在原油贸易与投资领域。双方重申致力于合作推进双方的共同目标，维护安全和供应良好的能源市场。
The United States commits to inform China about the statutory process required by the Natural Gas Act (NGA) which governs the evaluation of liquefied natural gas (LNG) export applications, to FTA countries and to non-FTA countries such as China. The NGA directs the U.S. Department of Energy to evaluate LNG export applications to non-FTA countries, applying the same rules in every case. To date, one final and four conditional license approvals have been granted to export LNG to non-FTA countries. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is currently evaluating pending applications on a case-by-case basis. The DOE is to keep the National Energy Administration of China informed of the status of the process.
美方承诺向中方通报《天然气法案》中规定的向自贸协定国家和中国等非自贸协定国家出口液化天然气（LNG）申请评估的法律程序。该法案指定美国能源部负责评估向非自贸国家出口LNG的申请，在此过程中将对每一个申请适用相同规则。目前已有一个向非自贸协定国家出口LNG的申请获得最终批准，四个申请获得有条件的批准。美国能源部正在对现有的申请进行逐案评估。美国能源部将向中国国家能源局持续通报有关状态进展。
The United States commits to actively encourage the export of technologies and equipment related to oil and gas exploration and development to China. Accordingly, the United States commits to process and decide upon in a timely manner, specific requests for deep-water oil and gas and shale gas exploration and development-related technology and equipment for civilian end users and civilian end uses that China wishes to procure that may be subject to export controls once the United States receives all necessary information required under the Export Administration Regulations.
美方承诺积极鼓励对华出口与油气勘探开发相关的技术和设备。鉴此，美方承诺，在收到《出口管理条例》所要求的所有必要信息后，对中方提出的希采购用于民用最终用户和民用最终用途的、但可能受到出口管制的深水油气和页岩气勘探开发相关的技术和设备的具体申请及时受理并作出决定。
The United States and China commit to undergo fossil fuel subsidy peer reviews under the G-20 process, and rationalize and phase out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption over the medium term,while providing targeted support for the poorest.
中美双方承诺在G20框架下参与化石燃料补贴同行审议，在中期内规范和逐步取消鼓励浪费的低效化石燃料补贴，同时为最贫困人群提供特定帮助。
Protecting Innovation and Promoting Trade in Safe Food and Drugs
保护创新和促进安全的食品、药品贸易
Building on successful discussions during the 2012 U.S.-China High-Level Agricultural Symposium, the July 2013 S&ED, and looking towards a productive and mutually beneficial December 2013 meeting of the Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade (JCCT), the United States and China affirm the importance of deepening cooperation to address a range of food and drug issues of common concern. Availability of high-quality and safe food and drugs are essential to the growth of our economies and well-being of our peoples. The United States and China therefore commit to the following measures related to promoting and protecting innovation, as well as ensuring safe and well-regulated bilateral trade in food and pharmaceuticals.
基于2012年中美高级别农业研讨会、2013年7月中美战略与经济对话就相关议题富有成效的讨论，以及对2013年12月份中美商贸联委会取得积极、互利成果的期待，中美双方强调深化合作以解决一系列共同关心的食品和药品问题的重要性。获得高质量且安全的食品和药品对两国经济发展和人民福祉至关重要。因此，为促进保护创新和确保双边食品和药品贸易的安全性和良好监管，中美双方共同承诺采取如下措施：
The United States and China commit to carry out communication and cooperation on agro-chemical regulation, standards for testing methods and drug and pesticide residue limits and regulation on edible agricultural products for import and export.
中美双方承诺就进出口食用农产品的用药规范、检测方法标准、药物和农药残留限量及监管等方面进行交流合作。
In line with the reform goals of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, China commits to promote the reform of its regulatory system for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) by implementing Drug Master File (DMF) management for APIs and to study the possibility of setting up a framework for the registration of bulk chemicals that can be used as APIs. The two sides mutually affirm the central role of drug manufacturers in ensuring drug quality, and will exercise appropriate regulatory oversight over manufacturers towards this end. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration commits to review its authorities to determine whether it can exclude from consideration for import APIs from Chinese firms that are not registered with the China Food and Drug Administration.
中方承诺，根据十八届三中全会的改革目标，推进原料药（API）监管制度改革，推行API备案管理制度，并研究对可用作API的大宗化学品建立备案框架的可能性。双方一致强调，药品生产企业在确保药品质量中应承担核心责任，并将在这一方面对生产企业实施合适的监管措施。美国食品药品管理局承诺，根据自身权力，对于未在中国国家食品药品监管总局注册的中国企业生产的API，考虑是否将其排除在允许进口名单之外。
China affirms that the Chinese Patent Examination Guidelines permit patent applicants to file additional data after filing their patent applications, and that the Guidelines are subject to Article 84 of the Law on Legislation, to ensure that pharmaceutical inventions receive patent protection. China affirms that this interpretation is currently in effect.
中方确认，中方的《专利审查指南》允许专利申请人在提交专利申请后提交额外的数据，《专利审查指南》适用《中华人民共和国立法法》第八十四条，确保药品发明获得专利保护。中方确认，上述解读在实际操作中已实施。
To promote bilateral communication and cooperation in pharmaceuticals, medical products and food safety, the Chinese side commits to issuing visas for U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food inspectors, drug inspectors and food expert referenced in Diplomatic Note 1252 of November 19, 2012 and Diplomatic Note 0843 of August 20, 2013. These personnel will be posted to the U.S. Embassy in China, with diplomatic privileges and immunities. At the same time, the United States commits that, on a reciprocal basis, China increases its relevant staff in the Chinese Embassy in the United States, with diplomatic privileges and immunities. No later than January 17, 2014, the two sides commit to signing an memorandum of understanding to specify the scope of activity of these personnel.
从促进中美双方在药品、医疗产品和食品安全等领域的交流与合作出发，中方承诺为美国驻华使馆2012年11月19日第1252号照会和2013年8月20日第0843号照会提及的美国食品药品管理局食品检查员、药品检查员和食品专家颁发签证。上述人员将派驻在美国驻华使馆，享有外交特权和豁免。与此同时，美方承诺，中方在对等基础上向中国驻美国使馆增派享有外交特权和豁免的相应人员。双方承诺不迟于2014年1月17日签署谅解备忘录明确各自派驻人员的活动范围。
The United States and China commit to discuss issues concerning China raised in the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriation Act, 2013.
中美承诺就《2013财年综合与继续拨款法案》中的涉华条款开展讨论。
The United States and China recognize the importance of promoting non-discriminatory government procurement policies. The two sides commit to have further consultation on China’s concerns regarding non-discriminatory treatment of Chinese-invested enterprises established in the United States in U.S. government procurement.
中美双方认识到推进非歧视的政府采购政策的重要性。双方承诺就中方关于美国在政府采购中给予在美中资企业非歧视性待遇的关切进一步进行磋商。
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