李源潮副主席在第二届世界和平论坛上的讲话

同心求和平　携手促安全——在第二届世界和平论坛上的讲话
United in Our Pursuit of Peace and Security—Remarks at the Second World Peace Forum

中华人民共和国副主席 李源潮
Li Yuanchao, Vice President of the People’s Republic of China

2013年6月27日 清华大学
Tsinghua University, 27 June 2013

一年前，首届世界和平论坛在清华大学成功举办，为各方加强对话交流、共谋世界和平搭建了新的平台。本届论坛以“世界变革中的国际安全：和平、发展、创新”为主题，符合历史进步的潮流和各国人民的共同愿望。
One year ago, the first World Peace Forum was successfully held at Tsinghua University, setting up a new platform for all parties to strengthen dialogue and exchange and jointly seek peace in the world. The theme of this year’s Forum - “International Security in a Changing World: Peace, Development, Innovation”—is in keeping with the trend of historical progress and the common aspiration of people across the world.

纵观人类历史，世界上有两种国家：一种是热爱和平、靠和平繁荣昌盛的和平国家；一种是热衷武力、靠发动战争争霸扩张的战争国家。战争国家为一己之私侵略他国，本国人民也深受其祸。特别是16世纪以来的500年，殖民主义的侵略和帝国主义的战争，给包括中华民族在内的全世界人民造成巨大灾难和深重伤痛。而在同时，中国一直坚守睦邻友好方针，从未发动过侵略战争，从未并吞他国领土，从未搞过海外扩张。中国是一个爱好和平、坚守和平、维护和平的和平国家。
A review of human history puts countries into two categories: those for peace and those for war. The former love peace and prosper through peace while the latter favor force and seek hegemony and expansion through war. When those for war invade other countries out of selfish motives, their own people also suffer deeply. In the 500 years since the 16th century, colonial invasions and imperialist wars wreaked havoc and caused untold suffering to people across the world, the Chinese nation included. China, however, has always followed the guiding principle of good-neighborliness and friendship. It has never waged a war of aggression, annexed territory of other countries, or sought expansion abroad. China is a country for peace, who loves, safeguards and upholds peace.

中华民族是追求和平的民族。“和为贵”、“协和万邦”、“化干戈为玉帛”的和平精神，贯穿中华文明的历史。“丝绸之路”通畅千年，是一条贸易之路、繁荣之路、和平之路、文化之路。郑和舰队七下西洋，远涉亚非30多个国家和地区，是和平之旅、友谊之旅。特别是近代以来，中国人民饱尝战祸之苦，消除战争、实现和平是中国人民最迫切、最深厚的愿望。新中国的成立改变了国家屡受外来侵略、民族任人欺凌的屈辱历史，中国人民深感和平的来之不易。60多年来，中国坚定奉行独立自主的和平外交政策。在世界面临诸多复杂严峻挑战的今天，中共十八大明确提出，中国将继续高举和平、发展、合作、共赢的旗帜，致力于维护世界和平、促进共同发展。中国特色社会主义是主张和平的社会主义，中国梦是和平梦。
The Chinese is a peace-seeking nation. The spirit of peace is a defining feature of the Chinese civilization throughout history. Such spirit values peace, seeks good relations among nations and aims to turn swords into ploughshares. The Silk Road, which was in service for a thousand years, was a road for trade, prosperity, peace and culture. Zheng He led seven voyages to the western seas, visiting over 30 countries and regions in Asia and Africa. Those were journeys for peace and friendship. In modern times, China suffered from the scourge of war. To eliminate war and achieve peace became the most pressing and profound desire of the Chinese people. The founding of New China put an end to the humiliation and bullying of the Chinese nation at the hands of foreign invaders. The Chinese people are most keenly aware of how precious peace is. Over the past 60 years and more, China has firmly followed an independent foreign policy of peace. Today, in a world faced with a multitude of complex and grave challenges, China will, as clearly articulated at the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, continue to uphold peace, development and win-win cooperation and commit itself to maintaining world peace and promoting common development. Socialism with Chinese characteristics stands for peace. The Chinese dream is a dream about peace.

和平是中国对外政策的核心。中国把争取和平作为对外政策的首要任务。我们一贯主张，以和平共处五项原则处理国际关系，国家不论大小都平等相待，互相尊重主权和领土完整，互不侵犯，互不干涉内政，平等互利，和平共处，反对以大欺小、以强凌弱，反对霸权主义和强权政治。中国主张以和平方式，通过协商谈判解决国际争端和矛盾冲突，反对动辄诉诸武力或以武力相威胁，反对侵犯别国主权和强行干涉别国内政。历史遗留冲突要冷静克制，用和谈、和解的办法寻求和平解决的新路；现实矛盾要对话、协商，共同寻求和平解决之道。要建立共同维护世界和地区和平的机制，摒弃冷战思维和结盟对抗，建立多边合作的安全机制，发挥联合国维护世界和平的重要作用，协力防止冲突和战争。
Peace is at the core of China’s foreign policy. China makes the pursuit of peace the top priority in its foreign policy. We always believe that the international relations should be handled in accordance with the five principles of peaceful co-existence. Countries, big or small, should be treated as equals. All countries should uphold the principles of mutual respect for each other’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, mutual non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit and peaceful co-existence. China is against the practice of the big and strong bullying the small and weak. We are opposed to hegemony and power politics. China calls for peaceful resolution of international disputes and conflicts through consultation and negotiation. We are opposed to arbitrary use or threat of force, violation of other countries’ sovereignty, and interference in other countries’ internal affairs against their will. When it comes to conflicts left over from the past, calm and restraint should be exercised in order to seek a new path of peaceful solution through talks and reconciliation. For immediate tensions, joint efforts should be made to find peaceful solution through dialogue and consultation. We call for the establishment of mechanisms whereby all countries can work together to maintain regional and global peace. We call on countries to reject the Cold-War mentality and the alliance-or-confrontation mindset, establish security mechanisms featuring multilateral cooperation, let the United Nations play its important role in safeguarding world peace, and work together to prevent conflict and war.

中国坚持走和平发展之路。和平是世界人民的第一需要，也是中国人民的第一需要，没有和平，任何建设事业都无从谈起。改革开放30多年，中国靠和平环境实现了发展。现在，中国仍是一个发展中国家，实现现代化还有很长的路要走，需要长期和平稳定的国际环境。将来，发展起来的中国仍然要走和平之路。中国永远不称霸、永远不扩张。这是中国政府向中国人民和世界人民的庄严承诺，这是符合中国人民根本利益和世界人民共同利益的国家发展方向选择。中国的和平发展道路是科学发展之路，坚持以人为本、全面协调可持续发展，使发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民；中国的和平发展道路是开放发展之路，更加积极主动融入世界，密切与世界各国的经济、科技、文化交流，增进与各国人民的理解和友谊；中国的和平发展道路是合作发展之路，扩大与各国的友好合作，在良性竞争中取长补短，以合作谋和平，以合作化干戈，以合作促发展；中国的和平发展道路也是共赢发展之路，中国发展绝不以牺牲别国利益为代价，在追求本国利益时兼顾他国合理关切，在谋求本国发展中促进各国共同发展。中国坚持走和平发展道路，也希望各国都走和平发展道路，共同为人类和平发展开辟新的前景。
China is committed to the path of peaceful development. Peace is the primary need for people throughout the world, including the Chinese people. Without peace, there is no development undertaking to speak of. China owes its development in more than 30 years of reform and opening-up to a peaceful environment. Today’s China remains a developing country and has a long way to go before realizing modernization. It still needs a long-term, peaceful and stable international environment. In the future, as China grows stronger, it will continue to follow the path of peace. China will never seek hegemony or engage in expansion. This is a solemn commitment of the Chinese government to its own people and people of other countries. It is also a choice of national development direction that serves the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the shared interests of mankind as a whole. China’s path of peaceful development pursues scientific development, which puts people first, advocates comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable progress, and envisions to bring more development benefits to the entire population in a more equitable way. The path calls for open development, through which China more readily integrates with the rest of the world, and engages in intensive economic, technological and cultural exchanges with other countries to enhance understanding and friendship with people elsewhere. The path champions cooperation-based development, through which China expands friendship and cooperation with other countries. We can learn from each other in healthy competition in order to pursue peace, defuse tension and promote development all through cooperation. The path also seeks win-win development with other countries. China will never seek its own development at the expense of interests of other countries; instead, it accommodates the legitimate concern of other countries while seeking its own interests and works for common development of all while pursuing its own development. China will stick to this path of peaceful development, and hopes that other countries will do the same, so that together we will open up a new horizon of peace and development for mankind.

中国始终是维护世界和平的坚定力量。中国对外政策的目标是争取世界和平。谁搞和平，我们就拥护；谁搞战争和霸权，我们就反对。中国是唯一公开承诺不首先使用核武器、不对无核国家和地区使用核武器的核国家。中国认真履行国际责任和义务，是联合国115个维和出兵国中派出工兵、运输和医疗分队最多的国家。中国在朝核、伊朗核、叙利亚、巴以冲突等地区热点问题上积极劝和促谈，为缓和紧张局势、维护地区和平发挥了建设性作用。中国坚持通过对话谈判处理同邻国的领土和海洋权益争端，已同12个邻国成功解决了历史遗留的陆地边界问题。中国的发展有利于世界和平稳定，中国越发展、越开放，与世界的联系越紧密，就越需要一个长期和平稳定的国际环境，就越会成为维护世界和平的积极因素和坚定力量。
China has always been a staunch force in safeguarding world peace. The goal of China’s foreign policy is to strive for world peace. We support anyone who promotes peace and oppose anyone who seeks war or hegemony. China is the only nuclear state to publicly undertake not to be the first to use nuclear weapons or to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear weapon states or nuclear-weapon free zones. It has earnestly fulfilled its international responsibilities and obligations, and is the largest contributor of engineering, transport and medical units among the 115 troop-contributing countries to UN peacekeeping missions. On regional hotspot issues such as the Korean nuclear issue, Iranian nuclear issue, Syria and Palestine-Israel conflict, China has worked actively to promote peace through talks, and played a constructive role in easing tension and upholding regional peace. China has insisted on resolving conflicts of territorial claims and disputes over maritime rights and interests with its neighbors through dialogue and negotiation. So far, it has successfully settled land boundary questions left over from history with 12 neighboring countries. China’s development contributes to world peace and stability. As China becomes more developed and open, and has closer links with the rest of the world, it will have greater need for a long-term, peaceful and stable international environment, and be an even more positive factor and staunch force for upholding world peace.

当今世界正处在深刻变革之中，安全问题是世界和平面临的重大挑战。军事冲突、军备竞赛、核扩散等传统安全威胁和恐怖主义、气候变化、经济安全、粮食安全、能源资源安全、网络安全等非传统安全威胁相互交织，战争的阴霾并没有远离人类的天空，国际安全秩序缺失的根本性问题亟待破解。应对日益复杂多元的安全挑战，需要调整过时的传统安全理论，树立国际安全新理念。
The world today is in the midst of profound transformation. Security issues pose a major challenge to world peace. Traditional security threats such as armed conflict, arms race and nuclear proliferation are intertwined with non-traditional ones such as terrorism, climate change, economic security, food security, energy and resources security, and cyber security. The shadow of war has not been completely dispelled, and the fundamental problem of the absence of international security order cries out for solution. In the face of such increasingly complex and pluralistic security challenges, we should readjust the traditional security theories that are outdated and foster new concepts of international security.

一是和平出安全。和平是安全的基石，穷兵黩武无法带来美好世界。在科技高度发达和全球化的今天，战争对人类不仅是劫难，还可能导致毁灭。据联合国有关统计，到2012年底，全球难民总数达到4520万人；2004年至2009年间，全球平均每年因战争或恐怖事件死亡的人数为5.5万人，实际死亡人数还可能更高。国与国之间难免出现各种矛盾和争端，关键要坚持和平对话、政治解决的正确方向。我们主张，要以和平共处理念营造安全环境，以和平对话方式解决安全问题，以和平保障机制维护安全秩序。“欲知平直，则必准绳；欲知方圆，则必规矩”。二战后确立的国际和平秩序，是以7000万人的生命为代价换来的，是维护世界和平的进步体系。这一秩序不可动摇，也不容篡改、否定和破坏。各国都要做国际和平秩序的维护者、建设者、促进者，共同营造和谐稳定的国际和地区环境。
First, security depends on peace. Peace is fundamental to security. Bellicosity will not bring about a better world. Given the sophisticated technologies and the trend of globalization, war is not only a scourge for mankind; it may even destroy human race. According to UN statistics, by the end of 2012, the number of refugees in the world had reached 45.2 million. Between 2004 and 2009, about 55,000 people died in war or terrorist attacks each year, and the actual death toll may be even higher. Differences and disputes are hardly avoidable between states. What is important is to stick to the right direction of peaceful dialogue and political settlement. Countries should work to foster a secure environment by upholding the principle of peaceful coexistence, address security issues by conducting peaceful dialogue, and maintain security order through peace mechanism. As a Chinese saying goes, “To ensure something is straight, one needs to rely on a marking line; to draw a perfect circle, one needs to use a compass.” The post-war international order of peace was established at the cost of 70 million lives; it is a progressive system for maintaining world peace. Commitment to this system should never waver, nor should the system be overturned, negated or undermined in any way. All countries should work to uphold, build and promote the international peace order, and jointly create a harmonious and stable international and regional environment.

二是发展出安全。安全问题从某种意义上说也是发展问题，发展资源之争、发展空间之争都可能引发安全冲突。只有少数国家的发展富裕，世界肯定不会安宁。只有各国、各地区、各民族共同发展、共同繁荣，才能从根本上消弭安全隐患。2010年，按人均每天1.25美元的国际贫困线，全球约有12亿贫困人口，如果按2美元的标准，约有24亿贫困人口；南方国家人均国民收入不到北方国家的四分之一。必须改变当今世界少数国家发展而广大发展中国家贫穷落后的现状。没有多数国家的共同发展就谈不上世界的发展。减少贫困、缩小南北差距，是维护国际安全的治本之举和紧迫任务。我们主张，要倡导人类命运共同体意识，发达国家应当承担更多责任，帮助发展中国家加快发展；各国应共同努力，推动建立更加平等均衡的新型全球发展伙伴关系，让发展的阳光洒遍地球每一个角落，让各国、各族人民都过上好日子。
Second, security depends on development. Security issue is a development issue to a certain extent, as competition for development resources and development spaces may trigger security conflicts. The world will definitely not be peaceful with only a small number of countries enjoying development and prosperity. Security risks may be fundamentally removed only through common development and common prosperity of all countries, regions and ethnic groups. In 2010, there were 1.2 billion people living below the poverty line of 1.25 US dollars a day, or 2.4 billion under 2 dollars a day. Countries of the South have a per capita income less than 1/4 of countries of the North. Such a status quo, with only a small number of countries being prosperous, and the vast developing world found in poverty and backwardness, must be changed. There could be no development of the world without the common development of the majority of countries. To reduce poverty and narrow the South-North gap is the fundamental approach and urgent task to uphold international security. We stand for enhancing the awareness of mankind being a community of shared destiny. The developed countries should shoulder more responsibility to help the developing countries accelerate development. Meanwhile, all countries should work together to build a new type of global development partnership that is more equitable and balanced, so that the sunshine of development could reach all corners of the earth, and all countries and peoples enjoy a good life.

三是合作出安全。当今世界许多安全问题已超越国家、地区的范围，任何一个国家都难以置身事外，也难以靠单打独斗来实现自己的绝对安全。非洲有句谚语：“纱线能捆住雄狮，只要能拧成一股绳”。寻求合作才是解决安全问题的正确选择。上海合作组织建立12年来，在合作打击“三股势力”，维护地区乃至世界和平稳定方面发挥了重要作用。中国还积极参与多种形式的国际安全合作，与20多个国家开展反恐、救灾等联合演练和防务安全合作。面对日益突出的全球性安全挑战，我们主张树立互信、互利、平等、协作的新安全观，倡导综合安全、共同安全、合作安全的新理念，使我们的地球村成为共谋发展的大舞台，而不是相互角力的竞技场。要大力拓展在网络、太空、极地等“新疆域”治理方面的国际合作。中国愿与各方一道，维护联合国在处理国际安全事务中的主要作用，积极参与上海合作组织、东盟地区论坛、亚洲相互协作与信任措施会议等地区安全对话合作机制，建立开放、包容、公平的国际和地区安全合作架构，推动国际秩序和国际体系朝着公正合理的方向发展。
Third, security depends on cooperation. Many of the security issues in today’s world have gone beyond national borders and regions. No country can stay aloof or achieve so-called absolute security by itself. As an African proverb goes, “When spiders unite, they can tie down a lion”. Cooperation is the correct choice for settling security issues. Since its founding 12 years ago, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), has played an important role in combating terrorism, separatism and extremism, and in maintaining peace and stability of the region and the world at large. China has also taken an active part in various forms of international security cooperation, and conducted joint exercises for counter-terrorism and disaster-relief purposes as well as defense security cooperation with over 20 countries. Facing growing global security challenges, we advocate a new security concept featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination, and pursue a new concept of comprehensive security, common security and cooperation-based security, so that the global village we live in will become a major stage for common development instead of a wrestling field. We need to expand international cooperation in the regulation of such “new frontiers” as the cyberspace, outer space and polar regions. China is ready to work with all countries to uphold the main role of the United Nations in handling international security affairs, and actively participate in regional security dialogue cooperation mechanisms such as the SCO, the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), and the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA), with a view to establishing an open, inclusive and equitable international and regional security cooperation architecture, and making the international order and the international system more just and reasonable.

四是共赢出安全。共赢是持久安全的“压舱石”。有一句西方谚语说，“如果商品不能跨过边界，士兵就会跨过边界”。当各国利益相互交融、同向发展时，安全冲突的风险就会大大降低。冷战已经结束20多年，但你输我赢、你衰我兴的冷战思维依然存在，一些地区战火不断与此密切相关。拉美有句谚语，“唯有益天下，方可惠本国”。我们主张，各国应摒弃零和博弈的陈旧安全观念，坚持以互利共赢为出发点和落脚点来看待和处理国际安全问题，任何国家都不能把自己的安全建立在损害他国安全的基础上；我们坚决反对以邻为壑、损人利己，反对转嫁负担、祸水外引，更反对为一己私利搞乱一个地区乃至整个世界。
Fourth, security depends on win-win principles. Win-win principles are cornerstone for sustained security. A Western saying goes, when goods don’t cross borders, soldiers will. The risk of security conflict will be significantly reduced when the interests of countries intertwine and converge. Although more than 20 years have passed since the end of the Cold War, the zero-sum Cold War mentality still lingers, as evidenced by the flaring wars and conflicts in some regions. A proverb in Latin America says that only when it is good for all can it be truly good for yourself. We maintain that countries should abandon the obsolete zero-sum security concept and view and handle international security issues based on mutual respect and win-win cooperation. No country should seek its own security at the expense of the security of other countries. We are resolutely opposed to acts that benefit oneself at others’ expense, shift trouble onto others, and still less to say, that destabilize a region or even the whole world for the sake of selfish interests.

中国古代典籍《易经》中有句名言：“天行健，君子以自强不息；地势坤，君子以厚德载物。”清华大学的校训即源于此。这句话的意思是说，宇宙运转永不停息，有志之士应奋发图强、奋斗不止；大地气势磅礴宽广，有志之士应胸怀天下、容载万物。通向和平的道路虽然崎岖艰难，但和平是人类的共同理想，是时代的潮流所向。希望热爱和平的各国人民和有识之士行动起来，同心求和平、凝神谋发展、携手促安全，共同推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。
According to the Chinese classic Book of Change, as heaven maintains vigor through movements, a gentleman should constantly strive for self-perfection; as earth’s condition is receptive devotion, a gentleman should hold the outer world with broad mind. This is where the motto of Tsinghua University comes from. Although the path towards peace is tortuous and difficult, peace is the common ideal of mankind and the trend of the times. I hope that peace-loving and visionary people of all countries will work together to pursue peace, development and security, and build a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.