李克强总理在英国智库的演讲
共建包容发展的美好世界
Inclusive Development: A Better World for All
——在英国智库的演讲
—Speech to British Think Tanks
中华人民共和国国务院总理 李克强
H.E. Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China
2014年6月18日，英国伦敦
London, 18 June 2014
英国皇家国际问题研究所和国际战略研究所两大智库在世界上都久负盛名，今天联合起来举办这次活动，表明对中国的高度重视，体现了一种包容的精神。
The Royal Institute of International Affairs, known as Chatham House, and the International Institute for Strategic Studies are well-known around the world. Today, you are hosting this event together. This shows the great importance you attach to China and is a reflection of inclusiveness.
包容是人类文明进步的标志。中国先秦思想家提出“和而不同”、“和为贵”的理念，这与欧洲先哲“和谐产生正义与善”的思想不谋而合。回望人类发展的历程，虽然东西方文明源头不同，但我们都懂得和谐相处、包容互鉴的可贵。进入21世纪，世界更需要相互包容、共同发展。我们不仅要在一国之内实现就业增加、平衡协调、公平正义的发展，还要推动国家和地区之间实现和平共处、共同增长的发展。包容发展应成为各国共同追求的目标。
Inclusiveness is the mark of human civilization and progress. Chinese thinkers before the Qin Dynasty valued the notion of harmony without uniformity and believed in peace as being the most precious. This coincides with the belief of ancient European philosophers that harmony generates justice and kindness. The history of human development shows that the Eastern and Western civilizations, though of different origins, both appreciated the importance of harmonious coexistence, inclusiveness and mutual learning. Inclusiveness and common development are needed all the more in the 21st century. We need not only to increase employment and promote balanced, coordinated, fair and equitable development within a country. We also need to achieve development that features peaceful coexistence and common growth among countries and regions. Inclusive development should indeed be a common goal pursued by all countries in the world.
国际上十分关注中国，对中国经济发展会有这样那样的看法。中国有古诗说，“横看成岭侧成峰”，说的是看一座山，从不同侧面会有不同印象。看问题角度不同，可能得出不同的结论。英国是最早实现工业化的国家，中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，各位的关注，就是对世界能不能实现包容发展的关注。中国走新型工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化之路，是世界最大的包容发展。
The world is paying great attention to China. There are all kinds of views about China’s economic growth. A line from a Chinese poem reads, “A mountain, when viewed in face, may look like a range; when viewed from the side, it may look like a peak.” That means a mountain, seen from different angles, will leave people with different impressions. What it implies is that different conclusions may be drawn when people see things from different perspectives. The UK is the first to complete industrialization while China is the biggest developing country in the world. I believe your interest in China is actually about whether the world can achieve inclusive development. China’s pursuit of a new type of industrialization, informationization, urbanization and agricultural modernization is a pursuit of inclusive development on the biggest scale in the world.
中国经过30多年改革开放，特别是通过艰苦卓绝的奋斗，实现了13亿中国人的生活不断改善，6亿多人摆脱了贫困，人民的生存权、发展权得到保障。中国的发展是在开放的环境中实现的。13亿人坚定的目标就是要实现现代化，这将是一条比较漫长的道路。虽然中国经济总量位居世界第二，但人均GDP只有6800美元，仍排在世界80位以后，在中国广大中西部和东北地区人均GDP才5000多美元，有些西部省份只有3000多美元。按照世界银行的标准，中国还有2亿人生活在贫困线以下。同时，随着经济快速增长，资源环境约束的矛盾日益凸显。这将是我们长期面临的困难和挑战。实现现代化就其实质而言，很重要的是完成工业化和城镇化，这正是中国人民现在和未来努力的方向。
After more than 30 years of reform and opening-up and through hard work of our people, China has steadily improved the lives of its 1.3 billion people, lifted over 600 million people out of poverty and ensured the people’s right to survival and development. China’s development has been achieved in an open environment. The firm goal of our 1.3 billion people is to achieve modernization, which will be a long journey. China is the second biggest economy in the world, but it ranks after 80th in the world with a per capita GDP of US$6,800. In China’s vast central and western as well as northeastern regions, per capita GDP is slightly over US$5,000 and it is a mere US$3,000 in some western provinces. Some 200 million Chinese still live below the poverty line by World Bank standards. At the same time, fast economic growth has been accompanied by a growing pressure on resources and the environment. These will remain our difficulties and challenges in the long run. To achieve modernization, it is important to complete industrialization and urbanization. This is exactly what the Chinese people are working for at present and for some time to come.
首先，关于中国的城镇化。
First, on China’s urbanization.
近几十年来，中国城镇化水平不断提高，但总体发展仍然滞后，目前还有6亿多人居住在农村。已经进城的2亿多农业转移人口，由于财力不足、公共产品提供受限，与过去就生活在城市并已经取得户籍的人相比，还没有享受同等水平的公共服务。到2020年，我们要解决其中1亿人在城镇落户问题，主要是在东部地区。还要引导约1亿农民，自愿在中西部就地城镇化。此外，中国还有1亿人居住在城镇的棚户区，需要加快改造，解决上述现存的“三个1亿人”问题，是中国推进新型城镇化的当务之急。
In the past few decades, China’s urbanization has been advancing, but it is still lagging behind on the whole. Over 600 million Chinese are still living in rural areas. Due to inadequate financial resources and limited public goods, the 200 million rural migrants cannot enjoy the same public services as those who have been living in cities with urban residency. Between now and 2020, we need to grant urban residency to 100 million of such rural migrants, mainly in eastern China. We also need to encourage another 100 million rural residents in central and western regions to settle down in cities and towns nearby. In addition, there are 100 million Chinese living in run-down city areas, which need to be redeveloped at a faster pace. To address these three problems, each involving 100 million people, is a pressing task for China as it pushes forward the new type of urbanization.
我们的难题还不止于此，即使解决了上述3亿人的问题，未来还有数亿农民需要逐步进城，这没有十几年、甚至更长时间是难以解决的，今后的任务将更加艰巨。任何国家要实现工业化，都必须实现农业现代化，提高农业劳动生产率，一般农业劳动人口占总人口比重都不高，中国也很难例外。让这么多人有序进入城市工作和生活，是一个长期的过程。所以说，中国到本世纪中叶才可能达到中等发达国家水平，最终实现现代化。
But our challenges go beyond that. Even if we had solved all the above-mentioned problems for the 300 million people, we still have several hundred million of farmers who will move to cities in the coming years. This will be difficult to accomplish without over ten years or even longer and the tasks will only be more difficult on our way ahead. For any country to complete industrialization, it has to achieve agricultural modernization, raise agricultural productivity and, on normal cases, keep the percentage of agricultural population low. China will not be an exception. To have so many people move to live and work in cities in an orderly manner will be a long process. That is why we say that China will not be able to become a medium-level developed country and achieve modernization until the middle of the century.
第二，关于中国的工业化。
Second, on China’s industrialization.
工业化是实现现代化的重要方面。发达国家实现工业化用了上百年时间，而中国在短短几十年内就建起了完备的工业体系，许多工业产品产量名列世界前茅。大家都熟悉“中国制造”，但中国目前生产的主要还是中低端产品，产业发展需要向中高端水平迈进。产业升级有利于共同应对全球气候变化，也是中国突破能源资源和环境瓶颈束缚的必然选择。我们将坚定走新型工业化道路，倡导绿色低碳发展，加大节能减排力度，使中国生产的产品更加节能环保，依靠创新驱动实现内生增长。这也将给世界带来巨大商机。今后五年，中国进口商品累计将超过10万亿美元，对外投资超过5000亿美元，出境旅游人数超过5亿人次。中国乐见世界各国分享中国发展的红利。
Industrialization is an important aspect of modernization. It took western countries over 100 years to achieve industrialization, while China has instituted a full-fledged industrial system in just a couple of decades. China now leads the world in the output of many industrial products. You are all familiar with goods “made in China”, but China mainly produces medium- to low-end products. It has to advance to a medium to high level in industrial development. Industrial upgrading will serve our joint response to climate change. It is also a natural choice for China if it is to break energy, resources and environment bottlenecks. China will pursue a new type of industrialization, advocate green and low-carbon development and step up efforts to conserve energy and reduce emissions so that Chinese products will be more energy-efficient and environment-friendly and China will achieve internally-driven growth through innovation. This will also bring huge business opportunities for the world. In the coming five years, China will import more than US$10 trillion worth of goods, and invest over US$500 billion overseas. Outbound visits by Chinese tourists will exceed 500 million. China will be happy to share its development dividends with other countries in the world.
在中国这样一个人口大国建设现代化，历史上没有先例，我们面临的挑战很多，仍需要付出艰辛的探索和努力。在经过几十年的快速增长之后，目前中国经济增速有所放缓，与过去的两位数相比，现在转入中高速阶段。有人开始怀疑中国经济能否持续增长，会不会“硬着陆”，我可以负责任地说不会。原因就是有城镇化和工业化两大因素支撑，我们还有较大的城乡差距、地区差距，产业结构也不合理，而这些也是潜力，中国的发展有着巨大的内需空间。只要我们把握好方向，勤奋工作，中国经济就能够在较长时间保持中高速增长。
In the modernization drive of such a populous country like China, there is no example to follow. We face a whole range of challenges and need to make hard exploration and efforts. After decades of fast growth, China’s growth has moderated to a medium-to-high speed compared with the double-digit rate in the past. Some people begin to worry that the Chinese economy will not maintain sustained growth and will head for a hard landing. I can assure you that such things will not happen, because economic growth in China is supported by urbanization and industrialization. What is more, there are big gaps between urban and rural areas and among different regions as well as unreasonable industrial structure. All these mean potential and huge domestic demand for China’s development. As long as we keep to the right direction and work hard, we will be able to maintain medium-to-high growth of the Chinese economy for a long time to come.
今年以来，中国发展虽面临较大下行压力，但经济运行总体平稳。我们继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，不采取强刺激措施，而是进一步创新宏观调控思路和方式，实行区间调控和定向调控相结合，加强预调微调，确保经济增长不突破保就业的下限，CPI不突破防通胀的上限，使经济运行始终处于合理区间。我们有信心实现今年7.5%左右的预期增长目标，而且也将为未来发展奠定坚实的基础。
Since the beginning of this year, the Chinese economy has maintained stability on the whole despite considerable downward pressure. We will continue to follow a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy. We will not resort to massive stimulus measures; instead, we will further innovate the thinking and model of macro-regulation, combine a ranged approach with a targeted approach in adjustment, strengthen anticipatory adjustments and fine-tuning, ensure economic growth will stay within a proper range between the minimum rate needed for job creation and the CPI growth ceiling to keep inflation under control. We have confidence in meeting the growth target of about 7.5% set for this year. This will also lay a solid foundation for our future development.
中国经济总量已超过9万亿美元，如果每年增长7.5%左右，再考虑价格因素，增量就达1万亿美元左右，相当于一个中等经济体的经济总量。做到这一点不容易，但它会给中国和世界带来巨大商机。我讲到这么多数字，并不是“数字游戏”，只是想说明一点，中国有条件、有能力促进经济平衡协调和持续健康发展。
China’s economic aggregate has exceeded US$9 trillion. An annual growth of around 7.5%, adjusted for inflation, will be translated to an increment of about US$1 trillion, equivalent to a medium-sized economy. This is no easy job, but it will bring huge business opportunities to China and the world. I have given you so many figures, not to play a game of numbers though, but to show you that China has the condition and ability to promote balanced, coordinated, sustained and healthy economic development.
第三，关于中国的和平发展。
Third, on China’s peaceful development.
在中国这样大的发展中国家搞现代化建设，进而实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦，需要和平的国际环境和稳定的周边环境，否则就不可能集中精力来搞建设，这是不容置疑的逻辑。
To achieve modernization in a big developing country like China and to fulfil the Chinese dream of great national renewal requires a peaceful international environment and stable neighbourhood. Otherwise, we cannot focus on development. This is an irrefutable truth.
中华民族是爱好和平的民族。中国古训说，“己所不欲，勿施于人”，“己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人”，这些理念已经融进我们的民族血脉，成为中国人的基本处世之道。中国没有扩张的基因，更不接受“国强必霸”的逻辑。
The Chinese people love peace. Our ancestors taught us that we should not do to others what we don’t want others to do to us and that we must help others achieve success if we want to achieve success ourselves. This has been imprinted into the DNA of the Chinese nation and become an accepted code of conduct for the Chinese people. Expansion is not in the Chinese DNA, nor does China subscribe to the logic that a strong country is bound to be hegemonic.
过去30多年中国的发展成就，得益于和平稳定的外部环境。走和平发展道路，让中国人民尝到了甜头，也让国与国之间能够实现双赢、多赢，这是中国多年来发展实践得出的重要宝贵经验，我们决不会放弃。即使中国将来发展起来了，仍然要坚持包容开放、和平合作。
The achievements China has made through development in the past three decades are attributable to an external environment of peace and stability. The path of peaceful development has benefited the Chinese people and enabled different countries to achieve win-win development. This is the one thing important we have learned from our development over the past decades and we will never give it up. China will remain committed to inclusiveness, openness, peace and cooperation even after it becomes stronger in the future.
China is a major responsible country. China stands for mutual respect, equality and peaceful coexistence among countries and acts in accordance with the UN Charter and the norms governing international relations. China calls for peaceful settlement of disputes and conflicts through diplomatic channels and opposes the use of force or interference in other countries’ internal affairs. China is steadfast in pursuing the path of peaceful development and follows a win-win strategy of opening-up. China is ready to work with other countries to foster an international environment of enduring peace.
长期以来，中国为维护亚洲地区和平稳定作出了重要贡献。正是由于中国与周边国家凝聚起合作共赢的共识，共同营造了通过协商谈判处理分歧的良好氛围，东亚地区才有了今天的繁荣发展。中国始终奉行“与邻为善，以邻为伴”的周边政策，愿与所有邻国和睦相处。但对于挑起事端、损害和平的行为，也必须采取有力措施予以制止，防止局势失控，促使事态回到对话谈判轨道上来。相信只要地区国家之间能够真诚对话、理性协商，就能继续保持和平安宁的环境。
China has over the years contributed significantly to peace and stability in Asia. Thanks to the common ground China reached with neighboring countries for cooperation and win-win progress, a sound atmosphere has been created for handling differences through negotiations and consultations, hence the prosperity and development of East Asia today. China follows a neighbourhood policy of building friendship and partnerships with surrounding countries and wants to live in peace with all its neighbors. But for those acts of provoking incidents and undermining peace, China will have to take resolute measures to stop them so as to prevent the situation from getting out of control and bring the situation back to the track of dialogue and negotiations. I believe as long as countries in the region could engage in dialogue and negotiations with sincerity and in good faith, the environment of peace and tranquility will be maintained.
历史昭示我们，战争是人类智慧的失败，和平是反思灾难痛苦的结晶。英国前首相丘吉尔曾说，“历史藏着一切智慧，不学习历史注定要重蹈覆辙”。我们应当汲取历史教训，正视历史，面向未来，推进国际和地区事务政治解决，共同应对传统和非传统安全挑战，协力促进世界繁荣与发展。
History tells us that war means the failure of human wisdom. Peace is the result of reflection on disasters and sufferings. As the former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill once said, “In history lies all the secrets of statecraft. Those that fail to learn from history are doomed to repeat it.” We must learn lessons from the past, face history squarely and be forward-looking. We need to seek political settlement of international and regional issues, and work together to counter traditional and non-traditional security challenges and advance prosperity and development of the world.
第四，关于中国的改革开放。
Fourth, on China’s reform and opening-up.
中国的现代化不仅需要和平稳定的外部环境，还要靠改革开放提供强大动力。千千万万人有巨大的创造力，市场蕴藏着巨大的活力。上世纪70年代，我在安徽凤阳农村当大队支部书记，那时候实行计划经济，每天要安排村里几百个农民每天干什么，大家也起早贪黑干活，但一年到头还是吃不饱饭。后来推进农村改革，实行家庭联产承包责任制，种什么、怎么种，农民自己说了算，几年下来就解决了温饱问题。正是靠改革开放，亿万中国人民获得了更大自由发展空间，中国社会不断取得进步。对中国来说，过去快速发展靠改革，今天的增长动力靠改革，未来长远发展也要靠改革。
China’s modernization needs not only a peaceful and stable external environment, but also strong impetus from reform and opening-up. China’s big population means tremendous creativity and its market has huge vibrancy. I once worked as the Party secretary of a village production team in Fengyang county, Anhui province back in the 1970s, a time of the planned economy. I was responsible for assigning work to the hundreds of farmers in the village every day. The villagers worked hard in the field from dawn to dusk, but still they could make very little for a decent meal. Later, to enforce rural reform, the system of household contract responsibility was introduced, which gave villagers the right to decide what crops to grow and how to grow them. In just a few years, food was no longer a problem. It is reform and opening-up that has given hundreds of millions of Chinese vast space for pursuing their own development, and spurred steady social progress. Reform has led to fast development of China. It has provided a driving force for economic growth today and it will sustain China’s development in the years to come.
简政放权是改革的关键。要让市场发挥更大活力，让社会发挥更大创造力，首先是政府要进行自我革命，把政府不该管的权力放下去，把应该由市场决定的事情交出去。去年在经济面临困难的情况下，正是通过简政放权，激发了民间投资的潜力。今年3月实施工商登记制度改革后，各地新增企业登记数迅速增加，增加了40%以上，极大促进了创业就业。我们还要推进结构性改革，通过放宽准入限制，更多让民营资本发挥作用。说到底，改革就是要调动广大人民群众的积极性，为他们提供更多的创新创造平台，让每个人都有梦想成真的机会。当然，政府放权也不是什么都不管，我们实行放管结合，对那些假冒伪劣、侵犯知识产权、污染环境等行为，要进行严格监管和依法处置。
The key to reform is to streamline administration and delegate government power. To further energize the market and encourage greater creativity from the society, the government needs to, first and foremost, reform itself by delegating powers on matters outside their mandate and leaving to the market what should be decided by the market. Though the economy was operating under difficulties last year, we managed to unleash the potential of private investment through streamlining administration and delegating power. The reform of business registration system in March this year was followed by a surge of over 40% in the number of newly registered businesses, giving strong boost to new business start-ups and job creation. We will also advance structural reform and give more play to the role of private capital by easing market access. All in all, the purpose of reform is to inspire the enthusiasm of the Chinese people and provide more platforms for their innovation and creation so that there will be a chance for everyone’s dream to come true. Of course, to delegate power does not mean that the government will give free rein to everything. We will delegate power while enforcing government regulations with tighter oversight on and law-based handling of the production and selling of counterfeit and shoddy goods, IPR infringement and environmental pollution.
开放也是改革。我们将推进中国新一轮对外开放，放宽市场准入，让外资更多进入中国。扩大服务业开放和内陆沿边开放，以中国上海自由贸易试验区建设为龙头，探索准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理模式，为中外投资经营者提供公平竞争的营商环境。中国对外投资把英国作为优先方向之一，也欢迎英国企业把中国作为主要投资目的地。深化改革和对外开放必然使中国经济迸发出巨大活力，不仅为中国人民带来福祉，也必将为世界提供更多机遇，为世界包容发展作出重要贡献。
Opening-up is in itself a way of reform. We will implement a new round of opening-up, ease market access for foreign investment and open the services sector and hinterland and border areas wider to the outside. We will explore, through the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone, a management model featuring pre-establishment national treatment plus a negative list approach. Our purpose is to provide a level playing field for Chinese and foreign investors and businesses alike. China regards the UK as a choice of destination for outbound investment and hopes British companies will take China as their major investment destination. Deepening reform and opening-up is bound to unleash enormous vitality in the Chinese economy, benefiting the Chinese people, bringing more opportunities to the world and making important contribution to the inclusive development of the world.
当前，全球经济总体呈现复苏势头，但不确定、不稳定因素依然很多。目前，发达国家和发展中国家已经成为推动世界经济增长的双引擎。各国应继续发扬应对国际金融危机中形成的团结协作、同舟共济精神，大力实施改革创新，加强宏观政策协调，消除保护主义壁垒，推动建立公平竞争的市场秩序，不断扩大利益共同点，共享全球化发展成果。
The global economy is on the whole showing signs of recovery, but there are still many uncertainties and destabilizing factors. Developed and developing countries have become the twin engines of world economic growth. Countries need to continue to demonstrate the spirit of solidarity, coordination and cooperation shown in the course of coping with the international financial crisis, vigorously carry out reform and innovation, enhance coordination on macroeconomic policies, remove protectionist barriers and foster a level playing field to expand converging interests and share the fruits of globalization.
中英两国建立全面战略伙伴关系10年来，双方经贸、科技、人文等各领域合作成果丰硕。此次访英，我同贵国政府领导人进行了深入坦诚的会谈，两国发表了中英联合声明。我们都认为，中英要增强政治互信和战略合作，尊重彼此核心利益和重大关切，加强在联合国安理会以及二十国集团等多边机制中的沟通协调，共同维护世界多边贸易体制，推动中欧投资协定谈判和中欧自贸区可行性研究，在应对气候变化、反恐等领域加强对话。双方应发挥好两国总理年度会晤等系列机制的引领作用，让两国全方位合作顺畅高效进行。中英将共同努力，为促进中欧关系发展作出积极贡献。
The past ten years since establishment of the comprehensive strategic partnership between our two countries has witnessed fruitful results in bilateral cooperation in business, science and technology, people-to-people exchanges and other fields. During my visit, I had in-depth and candid talks with government leaders of the UK. The two countries issued a joint statement. The two sides shared the view that China and the UK need to strengthen political trust and strategic cooperation, respect each other’s core interests and major concerns, increase communication and coordination at the UN Security Council and in such multilateral mechanisms as the G20, work together to uphold the multilateral trading regime, promote negotiations on a China-EU investment treaty and feasibility studies on establishing a China-EU free trade area, and increase dialogue on climate change, counter-terrorism, etc. The two sides need to make full use of the guiding role of the annual meeting between the prime ministers of the two countries and other mechanisms to ensure that our cooperation operates smoothly and efficiently across the board. China and the UK may work together to contribute to the development of China-EU relations as a whole.
中英要做共同增长的合作伙伴，更要实现包容发展。两国合作不仅追求规模扩大，而且要使内涵不断丰富；不仅要做生意，还要提高科技含量。中国愿在基础设施、制造业、城镇化等领域，进一步加强与英方合作，不断扩大两国贸易和投资额。中英将推出人民币与英镑直接交易，中国将在伦敦设立人民币清算银行，提升双方金融合作水平。英国是全球创新发展的佼佼者，在高新技术、节能环保以及科学研究等领域居世界领先地位，中国正在实施创新驱动发展战略，两国科技与创新合作前景广阔。双方要发挥联合科学创新基金的作用，搞出一批高水准开发项目和科研成果，为两国发展提供有力支撑。
China and the UK need to work as partners for common growth and inclusive development. We need to not only expand but also enrich our cooperation. We need to not only do business with each other, but also conduct more high-tech cooperation. China will work more closely with the UK in infrastructure, manufacturing, urbanization and other areas to increase two-way trade and investment. China and the UK will launch direct trading between the RMB and sterling and China will open an RMB clearing bank in London, which will enhance our financial cooperation. The UK leads the world in innovative development, especially in new and high technologies, energy conservation, environmental protection and scientific research, and China is implementing a strategy of innovation-driven development. This represents broad prospects for our cooperation in science, technology and innovation. We shall make good use of the Research and Innovation Partnership Fund set up to facilitate high-standard development projects and research findings with a view to providing a strong support for the development of our two countries.
中英合作不限于经贸领域，还应不断密切人文交流。英国富有科学、理性、宽容的文化特质，中国有着开放包容、兼收并蓄的历史传统。中英虽然远隔万里，但可以说是“遥远的邻居”，彼此的科学技术、文学艺术、学术思想相互吸引、交相辉映。莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》在中国家喻户晓，汤显祖的《牡丹亭》也登上英国舞台。英语是英国人的母语，但今天中国有3亿人在学英语，是全球学习英语人数最多的国家之一；中国是茶的故乡，但英国是世界上人均喝茶最多的国家之一。目前，中国在英留学人员超过13万人，占中国到欧盟国家留学人员的一半。中英应进一步深化人文交流，推进教育、文化等领域合作。英国政府已表示将简化中国公民来英签证手续，这意味着将会有更多中国人有序地到英国来工作、旅行，为英国经济带来更多活力。
China-UK cooperation is not limited to the economic field; we also need to strengthen people-to-people exchanges. The British culture values scientific thinking, good reasoning and accommodation of others, while it is China’s tradition to emphasize openness, inclusiveness and mutual learning. China and the UK, though thousands of miles apart, are actually “distant neighbors”. Our respective science and technology, culture and arts as well as academic thinking, each having its own proud tradition, have been a source of mutual inspiration. Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is popular in China, while The Peony Pavilion composed by the Chinese writer Tang Xianzu of the Ming Dynasty has been put on stage here in the UK. The British use English as their mother tongue, while in China 300 million Chinese are learning English, more than most of the countries in the world. And though China was where tea was first discovered, the British drink more tea than most people in the world. Right now, over 130,000 Chinese students are studying in the UK, accounting for half of the number in all EU countries. China and the UK need to deepen our cultural and people-to-people exchanges and step up cooperation in education and culture. The UK government has agreed to simplify visa application for Chinese citizens. This means more Chinese people will be able to visit or come to work in the UK, injecting more vitality to the UK economy.
英国和中国都是伟大的国家，都拥有悠久的历史，创造过各自的辉煌，更有着顺应时代大潮求新求变的执着追求。英国诗人雪莱说：“人不能创造时势，但可以抓住那些已经出现的机遇。”中国文学家苏轼说：“来而不可失者时也，蹈而不可失者机也。”中国与英国，东方与西方，发展中国家与发达国家，应抓住机遇，共迎挑战，携手建设一个包容发展的美好世界！
Both the UK and China are great nations. We both have a time-honored history and each has created a splendid past. Now, both countries are determined to ride the tide of the times and seek new changes. As the English poet Percy Shelley wrote, “Man cannot make occasions, but he may seize those that offer.” Similarly, the famous Chinese writer Su Shi of the Song Dynasty remarked that “when your turn comes, seize it; and when opportunity knocks at the door, grab it, or it will slip away”. China and the UK, the East and the West, developing countries and developed ones alike, should seize opportunities, meet challenges together, and build a better world through inclusive development.
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