2015两会 李克强答记者问双语全文
傅莹：女士们、先生们，大家上午好。今天我们邀请到李克强总理与中外记者会面，回答大家的问题。今天到场的记者大概有八九百人，人比较多，我们时间是有限的，所以请每一位得到提问机会的记者一次只提一个问题，这样让更多的记者得到提问机会。
Fu Ying: Ladies and gentlemen, good morning. Today we are delighted to invite Premier Li Keqiang to meet Chinese and foreign journalists and take your questions. We have a full house today. There are about eight to nine hundred journalists present at today’s press conference. But our time is limited - so I would like to ask journalists who have the opportunity to ask questions to ask only one - so that more journalists will have the opportunity to ask questions.
请李克强总理先讲几句话。
First, some opening remarks from the Premier.
国务院总理李克强：
Premier:
媒体界的各位朋友，女士们、先生们，在中国两会召开期间，你们做了大量工作，很辛苦。两会现在结束了，但你们的工作还不能结束，今天又是星期天，也不能休息，向你们表示衷心感谢！
Friends from the press, ladies and gentlemen, during the NPC and CPPCC sessions you made tremendous efforts in your coverage, and the two sessions have concluded but you are still working. Today is Sunday, and you cannot even take the day off. So I would first like to take this opportunity to express my appreciation to you all.
我愿意在这个场合回答大家的提问。
Now I will be happy to answer your questions.
金融时报记者：总理，您好。去年中国的房地产市场一直在下滑，所以很多中国人都到海外去买房子。现在中国公民已经是纽约、悉尼、伦敦等地最大的海外顾客群体了，当地房价随之被明显抬高。也有一些人开始质疑，从中国涌入当地市场资金的合法性。请问总理，中国政府会担心由此引发海外市场的强烈反应吗？今年政府是否会出台新政策来促进国内房地产市场？
Financial Times: Last year, China’s real estate market was on the decline. This prompted a large number of Chinese nationals to start buying homes overseas. Chinese customers have become the largest group of homebuyers in New York, Sydney and London and this has significantly driven up local home prices. Hence some people have called into question the legitimacy of the money spent on buying these homes overseas. Are you concerned about the possible backlash to such massive home buying by Chinese overseas? And will the Chinese government introduce new policy measures to boost the domestic real estate market this year?
李克强：
Premier:
中国正在逐步推进人民币资本项下的可兑换，这本身也表明在推进资本市场的开放。但是你说有大量的中国人到海外购房，而且成了某些热点城市的最大购买者，这个可能还要做评估，我没有这方面确切的消息。我所得到的是，中国去年吸引外资是力度最大的一年。外资进入中国达到1200亿美元。同时，我们也愿意看到中国的企业“走出去”，中国的公民到国外去创业，当然，既要遵守中国有关法律的规定，也要遵守当地的法律。
China is advancing the renminbi’s full convertibility under the capital account. This shows that China is taking further steps to open up the capital market. You talked about the phenomenon of large numbers of Chinese buying homes overseas and said that they have become the largest home buyers in a number of key international metropolises. I suppose that more evaluations need to be done here as to whether that is true. As far as I’m concerned, I am not in possession of solid information about this. But what I know is that China is still the largest destination of the inflow of foreign direct investment, which now stands at $120 billion. At the same time, the Chinese government will also encourage Chinese companies and Chinese nationals to go overseas to invest and do business. In doing so, these Chinese companies and Chinese nationals need to abide by China’s relevant laws and regulations and also observe the local laws.
我看你的面孔是一个西方人，你的中文说得这么流利，不知道有没有在中国买房？当然，我们是欢迎的。中国还是一个发展中国家，住房既是经济问题，更是民生问题。中国政府要做的就是要为低收入住房困难群体提供住房保障。今年，我们在改造棚户区、城市和农村危房方面还要加大力度，各增加100万套。中国政府有保障群众基本居住条件的责任。
You have a Westerner’s face but you speak Chinese so well. I wonder if you have bought a home in China - you are welcome to do so.China is still a large developing country. Housing is not just an economic issue but also one that concerns people’s livelihood. The Chinese government needs to meet the basic housing needs of low-income people around the country. And the government will take more steps this year to rebuild rundown urban areas and dilapidated homes in urban and rural areas. The plan for such efforts this year is to increase building and rebuilding rundown areas and dilapidated homes - by 1 million units respectively. The Chinese government is responsible for providing everyday necessities in terms of housing for our people.
房地产市场有其自身的规律，中国国土面积辽阔，有特大城市和中小城市、小城镇，情况各异，所以我们要求强化地方政府合理调控房地产市场的责任，因地制宜，分城施策。中国城镇化进程还在加快，中国房地产市场的需求是刚性的，我们鼓励居民自住性住房和改善性住房需求，保持房地产长期平稳健康发展。谢谢！
The real estate market is governed by its own laws. China is such a large country with vast land.In this country, there are mega cities and medium and small-size cities as well as small townships. And the conditions of these different cities and townships vary significantly from one to another. Hence the central government has requested the local governments to exercise their responsibilities concerning regulating local real estate markets. And differentiated policies need to be adopted in the light of local conditions. At the same time, urbanization continues to pick up speed in China which means that housing demand in China is here to stay. We also encourage Chinese people to buy homes for their personal use or as their second home. We hope to see a steady and sound growth of China’s real estate markets in the long term.
Beijing News: Mr Premier, on many occasions, you have expressed strong support for new types of business, like e-commerce and delivery service, so I am very curious: Have you ever shopped online, and what did you buy? Some people are worried that online shopping will adversely affect physical stores - what’s your opinion about this?
李克强：
Premier:
在场的各位都有网购的经历，我也不例外，我网购过，最近还买过几本书，书名我就不便说了，避免有做广告之嫌。但是我很愿意为网购、快递和带动的电子商务等新业态做广告。因为它极大地带动了就业，创造了就业的岗位，而且刺激了消费，人们在网上消费往往热情比较高。
I suppose each and every one of you here has had experience with online shopping - and I am no exception. Yes, I’ve bought things on the Internet. Actually I bought a few books not so long ago, but as for which books, I don’t think it would be a good idea for me to spell that out here - no advertising! But I have indeed previously said that I am happy to “advertise” new types of business, like express delivery service and e-commerce - because such businesses offer a strong boost for employment and consumption in this big country, and people are always quite enthusiastic about buying something online.
至于网购是否会冲击实体店，我听过这样的议论，开始也难免会有担心，但是我曾经到一个网购店集中的村去看过，那里800户人家开了2000多家网店，可见创业的空间有多大。同时，我又到附近一个实体店集中的市场，我问他们有没有担心？实体店的老板给我看，他也开了网店，而且把自己实体店的状况拍成视频上网，他说这对购物者来说更有真实感，更有竞争力。可见，网上网下互动创造的是活力，是更大的空间。
I’ve heard about this concern that online shopping will adversely affect brick-and-mortar stores. At the beginning, such worries were only natural, but I recall an inspection tour of a Chinese village with 800 households - and the local people had opened a total of about 2,000 online stores. One can imagine that the scope for entrepreneurship is vast. And I also visited a city - not far from that village - where there were a large number of physical stores. I asked one of the shop owners if he is concerned that the physical stores will be adversely affected by online shopping, but the owner showed me that he also opened an online store. And he even uploaded a video of the physical store to show that his business is very competitive - so such online and offline interaction has only boosted the vitality of the market.
这使我想起最近互联网上流行的一个词叫“风口”，我想站在“互联网+”的风口上顺势而为，会使中国经济飞起来。不过我也想到今天是“3·15”，是保护消费者权益日，不管是网上还是网下的实体店，都要讲究诚信，保证质量，维护消费者的权益。谢谢！
To borrow a popular idea - on the Internet everyone stands a chance to fly if there is a favorable wind blowing from behind. I believe that the tailwind generated by our Internet Plus strategy will allow us to take the Chinese economy to a higher growth path.I cannot help but remember that today, March 15th, is World Consumer Rights Day, so I believe all the stores - online and offline - need to conduct business in an honest and ethical manner and put the quality of products before everything else, so as to protect the rights and interests of our consumers. Thank you.
彭博新闻社记者：谢谢主持人。总理，您好。您多次提过需要有壮士断腕的决心来进行改革，您也说过这个过程可能会很疼。中国经济在放缓的今天，您会继续保持这样的决心吗？您认为中国经济会不会继续放缓？未来会不会更疼？谢谢。
Bloomberg: You once said that the government needs to show utmost determination in reforming itself - and that this process could be a quite painful one. As the Chinese economy comes under increased downward pressure, do you still have as firm a determination as before? And will the Chinese economy continue to slide? What will the future of the Chinese economy look like?
李克强：
Premier:
你问到疼，确实很疼，而且在加深，面还会扩大。因为简政放权是政府的自我革命，削权是要触动利益的，它不是剪指甲，是割腕，忍痛也得下刀。因为简政放权有利于厘清政府和市场的关系，激发市场活力，也可以用它去顶住经济下行的压力。去年我国经济速度放缓，但是就业不减反增，简政放权起了很重要的支撑作用。
You asked about the pain caused by the government self-imposed reform. Let me tell you that the pain is still there. Actually, the pain is becoming more acute, and it is being felt in more places. This is a reform the government has taken on itself. During the course of the reform, vested interests will be upset, as the government will shatter its own powers. It’s not like nail-clipping. Instead, it’s like taking a knife to one’s own flesh. So pain is only natural but, however painful it may be, we are determined to keep going until our job is done. The reform of streamlining administration and delegating government powers helps us to get the relationship right between the government and the market. It helps to boost vitality of the market, and put us in a stronger position to cope with downward pressures on economic growth. Last year, in spite of economic slowdown, we managed to add more urban jobs and this reform on government itself has played a very important role.
本届政府两年内下很大力气完成了当初提出的五年内砍掉三分之一行政审批事项的目标，其中有的是取消，有的是下放。我们推进商事制度改革后，每天就有上万家企业登记，比上年增加了50%。可见，活力来自民间，而简政放权的减法可以对应对经济放缓发挥支撑的力量。
We have completed the five-year task of cutting State Council review items by one third within just two years. With the reform of the business system, a daily average of up to 10,000 new businesses are now registered, an increase of 50 percent over the previous year. This shows that our people represent the largest source of vitality for economic activity. And this reform by reducing the powers held in the hands of governments has actually helped us to tackle downward pressures on economic growth.
当然，在这方面还有很多不落实的情况存在，推进中还发现了一些新的问题。前两天，我看到两会上有提案说，原来批个项目要一百多个章，虽然现在审批砍了一些了，但还有五六十道关卡，还会增加创业的成本，抑制了创造的热情。所以我们必须继续下更大力气来推进简政放权。
At the same time, we recognized that some measures have yet to be fully implemented, and some new problems have surfaced. A couple of days ago, I came across a proposal during the Two Sessions which said that it is true that government review items have been slashed. In the past, to get one project approved, one needed to collect over 100 stamps from different governmental departments, but the number has been brought down to about 50 or 60. But still - all those long procedures have driven up the cost of starting a business and dampened people’s enthusiasm for innovating. That’s why the government is resolved to step up its efforts to streamline its administration and delegate more powers.
今年政府要有新作为，重点要抓三个方面的工作：一是全面取消非行政许可，不能法外施权。另外，还发现国家部门授权地方政府审批的事项1200多项，今年要砍掉200多项，不能像开车一样，松了手刹，还踩着脚刹，明放暗不放。二是要推进权力清单、责任清单，今年是在省一级公布，明年推向市县一级，晾晒清单，让社会监督，也让老百姓明白，权力不能滥用。三是要探索事中事后监管的新模式，包括扩大综合执法试点，对假冒伪劣、坑蒙拐骗、食品安全方面以及侵犯知识产权等行为要有有效的监管方式。人们不是常说，穿鞋要合脚，施政也要利民惠民。谢谢！
New steps will be taken this year in this reform, and our focus is on the following three areas. First, all non-governmental review items will be canceled. We must ensure that governmental power will not be exercised when it is not stipulated by the law. There are currently over 1,200 review items by the local governments as mandated by central governmental departments. Our goal is to cut this number by over 200 in 2015. The government must not secretly hold onto powers that should be delegated - as if just releasing the hand brake but still keeping the foot brake on. Second, all provincial-level governments will be required to release their list of powers and list of responsibilities this year. And this task will be assigned to governments in cities and city-level counties next year. We must keep our people well informed of what powers their governments hold and put government power under public oversight to prevent the abuse of office. Third, we will explore new models for exercising better ongoing and exposed regulation. We will expand the trials for integrated law enforcement, and we will also ensure that there will be effective models for exercising regulation - over such acts as cheating and swindling of market place, violating intellectual property rights, making and selling of fake or sub-standard goods, or cases involving food safety. Just as shoes must suit the feet, our administration must meet people’s needs and deliver benefits. Thank you.
China National Radio: China’s anti-corruption campaign in 2014 brought down many “big tigers”, or high-ranking officials who have committed corruption. I would like to know what more steps will be taken to enhance institution-building in fighting corruption. You also once said that it is also corruption if government officials are indolent or sloppy in performing their duties, so what steps should we take to solve the problem involving these “do nothing” officials?
李克强：
Premier:
中国党和政府一贯坚持反腐倡廉的方针。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为总书记的党中央坚持有腐必反、有贪必惩。一些所谓位高权重的人被依法调查和处理，成效是明显的，人民群众也是拥护的。
The Communist Party of China and the Chinese government are committed to combating corruption and upholding integrity. Since the 18th National Party Congress, the central committee of the CPC with comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary has been making a great effort to ensure that all types of corruption will be brought to account - and in this process a number of high-ranking corrupt officials have been investigated and dealt with, and our efforts have yielded good results and won people’s support.
所以，推进制度反腐和标本兼治是一致的。首先还是要依法治国。法律面前人人平等，不论是谁都不能在法外用权。二是要推进体制改革。比如简政放权很重要的一个目的就是坚决打掉寻租的空间，铲除腐败的土壤，因为很多腐败分子一个共同的特征就是寻租。三是要加强监督和教育。让权力在阳光下运行，受到社会的监督，公职人员要提高自律意识，以权谋公而不能谋私。在这个过程当中，我们既要惩治乱作为，也反对不作为，庸政懒政是不允许的。门好进了、脸好看了，就是不办事，这是为官不为啊，必须严肃问责。谢谢！
By enhancing institution-building in fighting corruption we will have better resources to address both the symptoms and root cause of corruption. First, we need to ensure that we run the country according to the law - everyone is equal before the law, and no one is above the law. Second, we need to press ahead with the reform of the administrative system. Just now I mentioned the reform of government to streamline administration and delegate powers. This is to limit the breeding ground for corruption - including rent-seeking, which is actually a common feature of various kinds of corruption. Third, supervision and trainingwill also be strengthened. We must make sure that government power is exercised in a transparent way and subject to public oversight. All civil servants must enhance their self-discipline, and government power can only be used for public good, not personal gain. There must be no irresponsible actions or inaction on the part of government officials. And there is no room for incompetence, or indolence on the part of government officials. We also need to step up the accountability system.
新加坡海峡时报记者：中国政府已经将2015年中国经济增速的预期目标定在7%左右，中国表示想要实现一种新常态的经济增长，这种增长虽然速缓，但是质更优。我想了解的是，中国从这样的新常态中能够获得怎样的益处？这种新常态的增长对于中国、对于整个世界会有何影响？您对于新常态增长是怎么看的？您对中国坚持实现速缓但质优的新常态增长是否抱有信心？
The Straits Times: Premier Li, my question is about China’s economy. China has set an overall GDP growth target this year of around 7 percent. Some say this signals China is committing what it calls the new normal of slow but better quality of growth. Can you tell us how this new normal will affect China and the world? How should we view this and should we have confidence that China can stay committed to this normal and manage it well? Thanks.
李克强：
Premier:
中国经济进入新常态，我们经济增速调整为今年预期增长7%左右，看起来增速是调低了，实际上实现这个目标并不容易，因为中国的经济总量增大了，已经超过了十万亿美元。如果按7%增长，那每年就要增加一个中等国家的经济规模。在这个过程中，如果我们能够注重质量、效益，促使中国经济由中低端向中高端升级，那就可以在较长时期保持中国经济在中高速水平增长。我们实现现代化就有了坚实的基础，对世界也是巨大的贡献。
China’s economic development has entered a new normal and this year we set the anticipated GDP growth target at approximately 7 percent. It is true that we have adjusted downward somewhat our GDP growth target, but it will by no means be easy for us to meet this target. As China’s economic aggregate keeps expanding - and now the size of China’s economy is valued at about US$10 trillion - a 7 percent increase in the Chinese economy is equivalent to the total size of the economy of a medium-sized country. We want to further upgrade China’s economy to a medium high level of development and maintain China’s economic growth at a medium high speed. We want to pursue growth with improved quality and performance. This will help lay a more solid foundation for us to achieve modernization and it will also be China’s contribution to global economic growth.
刚才你的提问当中实际上表现了一种担心，美国彭博社记者提问当中也问中国经济会不会继续放缓。我多次说过，在新常态下，我们会保持中国经济在合理区间运行。如果速度放缓影响了就业收入等，逼近合理区间的下限，我们会在稳定政策与稳定市场对中国长期预期的同时，加大定向调控的力度，来稳定市场的当前信心。我们这几年没有采取短期强刺激的政策，可以说运用政策的回旋余地还比较大，我们“工具箱”里的工具还比较多。
I sensed some element of concern in your question about China’s economic growth and, when the journalist from Bloomberg asked a question, there was also similar concern about the slowing economic growth in China. I have said on many occasions that under this new normal, we need to ensure that China’s economy operates within a proper range. And, if our growth speed comes close to the lower limit of our proper range of economic operation, affects employment and people’s income, we are prepared to step up our targeted macroeconomic regulation to boost the current market confidence - while at the same time maintaining continuity of our macroeconomic policies to anchor long-term market expectations. The good news is that, in the past couple of years, we did not resort to massive stimulus measures for economic growth, and that has made it possible for us to have fairly ample room to exercise macroeconomic regulation - and will still have a host of policy instruments at our disposal.
我希望你们对我后一段话的理解是“如果”。当然，我并不否认，中国经济面临着下行的压力，有多重风险，关键在于新常态下要在稳增长和调结构中间找到平衡点，这就使我想起中国人发明的围棋，既要谋势，又要做活，做活有两只眼。形象地讲，稳增长和调结构就是两只眼，做活了就可以谋大势，当然这需要眼光、耐力和勇气。我相信，大家同心协力，有能力保持中国经济的大盘、基本面持续向好。谢谢！
The latter part of my remarks just now dealt with just a hypothetical situation. At the same time, I recognize that there is considerable downward pressure on China’s growth and it will still face multiple challenges. This requires that the government must strike a proper balance between maintaining steady growth and making structural adjustments. In “Weiqi”, a kind of chessboard game invented by the Chinese, one needs to both plan with a wide view and get the key moves right. When it comes to China’s economy, we must maintain steady growth and also make structural adjustments - this way we will be able to handle the complex situation. This requires that we have a vision, perseverance and courage. I have confidence that, with joint efforts, we will be able to maintain the long-term positive fundamentals of the overall Chinese economy. Thank you.
China Business News: Mr Premier, you stressed on many occasions the importance of mass entrepreneurship and innovation and you regard them as a new engine fueling China’s economic growth. But there are also people who say that it is a personal decision to start a business and it is a market behavior to do. So why should the government spend so much time and energy on this?
李克强：
Premier:
谢谢你的好意，让我们少操心。但是不能不多操心啊，因为大众创业、万众创新，实际上是一个改革。这也是历史的启示。回想30多年前，正是因为承包制政策的实施，调动了亿万农民生产和经营的积极性，也因为允许人口流动，亿万农民工进城，创造了中国经济的奇迹。
I appreciate your intention of saving the government much time and energy. This is something that the government must do - because mass entrepreneurship and innovation are major endeavors of reform and this reform is also inspired by the experience we have gained from our own past.About 30 years ago, the introduction of the household contract responsibility system brought into full play the initiative of the vast number of Chinese farmers. It is because people could move freely across provinces and cities that hundreds of millions of Chinese farmers migrated into cities, and that has created the miracle of China’s economic development.
我想起去年在我们推进简政放权、商事制度改革的时候，我去一个地方的企业登记场所，遇到一位已经退休的妇女。因为我们取消了注册资本的实缴制，她的热情来了，说要办一个婚庆公司，而且她说：“我知道这个地方办婚礼的老礼数，有些家庭希望这么办，我没有读过很多书，但这是我的核心竞争力。”我还到过许多咖啡屋、众创空间，看到那里年轻人有许多奇思妙想，他们研发的产品可以说能够带动市场的需求。真是高手在民间啊，破茧就可以出蚕。
Last year, when the government pursued the reform of the business systems to streamline its administration, I recall that I paid a visit to one of the local venues for business registration, and I came across a woman who was already retired. As you may know, the government has replaced the paid-in capital registration requirement, so this led to an increase in the enthusiasm of those who were thinking of starting their own business - and this woman was one of them. She told me that she wanted to register a wedding service company because she was well versed with the traditional ways of holding such wedding ceremonies, and she believed that she had a competitive edge in providing these services. So she wanted to register a company under her name. I also paid several visits to venture cafes and maker spaces, where I met young people there - they had brilliant ideas, and when their ideas are put into practice and produce actual products, they actually boost market demand. I believe there are a lot of people with brilliant talent among the people, and we must lift all the restrictions so that they can put their talent to good use.
市场活力的激发需要政府去清障搭台，今年我们要继续在这方面做更多的事。要进一步放宽市场准入，实行“三证”合一，让服务业领域的一些企业注册登记别再那么费劲了。要清障还要搭台，对企业特别是创业的小微企业，我们要更多地提供租金低廉的创业空间，给创业插上翅膀，还要通过政府引导资金来吸引更多的种子基金。同时，还要进一步减税降费，让这些企业轻装前进。
To boost market vitality, the government must eliminate roadblocks and pave the way for people to tap their entrepreneurship. The government plans to do more in this regard in 2015. Market access will be further relaxed, the required business license and all necessary certificates will be integrated into one single certificate, and people shouldn’t have to go to so much trouble to get a business registered in some areas of the services sector. The government also needs to foster more favorable conditions - especially for micro and small businesses. Low-rent spaces should be available - to add wings to the entrepreneurial spirit of our people. The government will also fully leverage the national guidance funds to encourage pitching in of seed capital, and taxes and fees will also be further reduced to ensure that small businesses will be able to forge ahead without a heavy burden.
国家的繁荣在于人民创造力的发挥，经济的活力也来自就业、创业和消费的多样性。我们推动“双创”，就是要让更多的人富起来，让更多的人实现人生价值。这有助于调整收入分配结构，促进社会公平，也会让更多的年轻人，尤其是贫困家庭的孩子有更多的上升通道。谢谢！
A country can achieve prosperity when its people’s initiative is brought into full play. There will be much vitality in economic activity when there are ample business opportunities and choices for consumers. So, to encourage mass entrepreneurship and innovation, we want to help more people become better off and help more people achieve full potential in their life. This will also help us adjust the income distribution structure and promote social fairness. In particular, we want to ensure that young people, especially children from poor families, will have equal access to opportunities for upward mobility. Thank you.
赫芬顿邮报记者：总理，您好。柴静的《穹顶之下》说中石化、中石油这两个央企一直在妨碍环保政策的制定和执行，尤其是在汽油质量标准的确定和天然气的推行。我的问题就是，您认为这两个央企真的在阻碍环保政策的落实吗？如果这样的话，中央政府会怎么冲破这种阻力？谢谢。
The Huffington Post: In Under the Dome, a documentary made by Chai Jing, she complained that big oil companies like Sinopec and PetroChina have blocked the introduction of policies on environmental protection and law enforcement in this field. For example, in the setting of the quality standards of gasoline consumed as well as introduction of the wider use of natural gas. My question is, is it true that these companies are posing an obstacle to enforcing environmental protection laws and policies, and if so, what steps will the Chinese government take to remove such an obstacle?
李克强：
Premier:
我理解你刚才一连串的发问，问的是人们，包括在座各位普遍关注的雾霾等环境污染这个焦点问题。可以说政府在治理雾霾等环境污染方面，决心是坚定的，也下了很大的气力，但取得的成效和人们的期待还有比较大的差距。我去年在《政府工作报告》中说，要向雾霾等污染宣战，不达目的决不停战。
I understand the focus of all your questions is about tackling environmental pollution, especially smog. This is a concern uppermost on all people’s minds. I want to tell you that the Chinese government is determined to tackle smog and environmental pollution as a whole, and tremendous efforts have already been made in this regard. But the progress we have made still falls far short of the expectation of our people. Last year I said that the Chinese government would declare war against environmental pollution. We are determined to carry forward our efforts until we achieve our goal.
治理要抓住关键，今年的要害就是要严格执行新出台的《环境保护法》。对违法违规排放的企业，不论是什么样的企业，坚决依法追究，甚至要让那些偷排偷放的企业承受付不起的代价。对环保执法部门要加大支持力度，包括能力建设，不允许有对执法的干扰和法外施权。环保等执法部门也要敢于担当，承担责任。对工作不到位、工作不力的也要问责，渎职失职的要依法追究，环保法的执行不是棉花棒，是杀手锏。
This year our focus will be to ensure the full implementation of the newly-revised environmental protection law. All acts of illegal production and emissions will be brought to justice and held accountable. We need to make the cost for doing so too high to bear. More support will be given to environmental law enforcement departments, including capacity building, and no one is allowed to use his power tomeddle with law enforcement in this regard. The law enforcement departments should also have the courage to take charge and fulfill their due responsibilities. Laxity in law enforcement will be dealt with and dereliction of duty or abuse of office will be handled in accordance with the law. We must ensure that the law will work as a powerful and effective tool in fighting pollution instead of being soft as cotton candy.
当然，治理是一个系统工程。我前天看到有个别媒体报道，说今年《政府工作报告》关于雾霾等环境污染治理的表述放在比较靠后的位置。我想说明，今年报告有很大的变化，就是我们把节能减排的指标和主要经济社会发展指标排列在一起，放在了很靠前的位置。报告里从调结构到提高油品生产和使用的质量等，都和治理雾霾等环境污染相关联，这是一个需要全社会人人有责的治理行动。当然，治理要有个过程，如果说人一时难以改变自己所处的自然环境，但是可以改变自己的行为方式。谢谢！
Tackling environmental pollution is a systemic project that involves a lot of effort in various areas. A few days ago I came across a media report which said that in this year’s government work report, the paragraph addressing environmental treatment came at the back. But I want to draw attention to one big difference in this year’s government work report. That is our targets for energy conservation and emission reduction are put together with all the major targets of economic and social development, which all come very much earlier in the government work report. We also need to see that many parts of the report, be it adjusting the economic structure or improving the quality of fuel used, have something to do with the environment. This is going to require the joint efforts of the whole of society. It may be difficult for one to change the natural environment he lives in anytime soon, but one can always change the way he behaves. Thank you.
China Central Television: As China’s economic development enters a new normal phase, people are also thinking about how we can make our demographic scale and the growth trend compatible with such a new normal. Last year, married couples were given the right to have a second child if one parent is an only child. Thus, during this year’s two sessions, many people have been calling on the government to completely lift the restrictions on a second child. I wonder if this is one of the goals on the agenda of the government in reforming its family planning policy and, if so, is there a timetable for that to happen?
李克强：
Premier:
你的面孔我很熟悉，不用做广告。至于你谈到人口政策，去年我们已经开始实施单独二孩政策，现在正在推进，也正在进行全面的评估。我们会根据评估的结果，也考虑中国经济社会发展和人口结构变化的情况，权衡利弊，但是必须依照法律程序来调整和完善人口政策。谢谢！
About China’s population policy - as you said, China last year allowed married couples to have two children when one parent is an only child. We are currently conducting a comprehensive review of how this policy has been implemented. Based on the outcome of this review, we will take into account China’s economic and social development - and changes in our demographic structure - and we will weigh the pros and cons, and will only make improvements and adjustments to our policy in accordance with legal procedures. Thank you.
朝日新闻记者：您好。今年是战后70周年，我想了解总理的历史观。另外到日本的中国游客现在有所增加，在日本购买很多东西，但是到中国的日本游客比以前减少，日本的对华投资也减少，您怎么分析这种现象？如何看待中国在70周年的纪念活动，包括大阅兵给日本国民的对华感情带来的影响？谢谢。
Asahi Shimbun: This year marks the 70th anniversary of the end of World War II. I would like to ask for your outlook on history Mr Premier. We have also seen that more Chinese tourists have traveled to Japan and bought a lot of things there. But at the same time the number of Japanese tourists visiting China as well as Japanese investments in China have both been on the decline. How do you see such a situation and how do you view the possible impact of China’s planned commemoration activities including the military parade on the sentiments of the Japanese people?
李克强：
Premier:
今年是中国人民抗日战争和世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年，不仅中国，世界上许多国家都要开展多种形式的纪念活动，目的是要牢记这一惨痛的历史悲剧，不能让历史再重演，要维护二战胜利成果和战后国际秩序及一系列国际法，以维护人类持久和平。
This year marks the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-fascist War. Not only China but also many countries in the world have plans to hold diverse forms of commemoration activities. The purpose of these activities is to firmly bear in mind the hard lessons gained from the past and ensure that that kind of history will never repeat itself. The purpose is to uphold the outcomes of World War II and the postwar international order and international laws to maintain enduring peace of mankind.
当前，中日关系的确比较困难，根子还是在于对那场战争、对历史的认识和能否始终保持正确的认识。坚持正确的历史观，就是要以史为鉴、面向未来。对于一个国家的领导人来说，不仅要继承前人所创造的成就，也应该担负起前人罪行所带来的历史责任。当年，日本军国主义强加给中国人民的那场侵略战争，给我们带来了巨大的灾难，最终日本民众也是受害者。在今年这样一个重要的时刻，我认为对中日关系既是检验，也是机遇。如果日本领导人正视历史，并且保持一贯，改善和发展中日关系就有新的契机，也自然会给中日经贸关系的发展创造良好的条件。谢谢！
It is true that the current China-Japan relationship is in difficulty. The crux about the issue is how that war and that part of history are viewed. One needs to hold a right outlook on history and that means one needs to take history as a mirror and at the same time look to the future. For leaders of a country, they - while inheriting the historical achievements made by their forefathers - also need to shoulder the historical responsibilities for crimes committed in the past. Well, the war of aggression imposed on the Chinese people by the Japanese militarists brought untold suffering and the average people in Japan were also victims of that war. At such a critical moment this year, there is both a test and an opportunity for China-Japan relationship. If leaders of Japan can face history squarely and maintain consistency in how they view that part of history, there will be a new opportunity for improvement and further growth of China-Japan relations. It will also create favorable conditions for the growth of our business relationship between the two countries. Thank you.
Xinhua News Agency：Since the beginning of last year, the banks’ NPL (nonperforming loan) ratio has been increasing, and cases of financial risks of shadow banking have occurred from time to time, and many local governments need to have a lot of debt being paid. As the downward pressure on China’s economy grows, how do you see the building up financial risks?
李克强：
Premier:
刚才同时站起来两个人，你说了自己有两个头衔，也提了两个以上的问题，集中是在金融风险上。中国的确存在着个案性的金融风险，但是我们完全可以守住不发生系统性、区域性金融风险。
I think our financial risks are at the center of all these questions you just raised. It is true that there have been individual cases of financial risks in China, but at the same time we are fully capable of forestalling systemic and regional financial risks.
这是因为中国的经济还处于合理区间，而且我们的储蓄率比较高，地方政府性债务70%以上是投资性的，是有收益的，而且我们也正在规范债务平台，堵后门、开正门。就银行来说，资本充足率较高，拨备覆盖面也较广。虽然不良贷款也略有上升，但是在世界上仍处于比较低的水平。
China’s economy continues to operate within the proper range and there is a fairly high savings rate in China. Moreover, 70 percent of local government debts are in the form of investments, which boast quite good prospects for yielding returns. We are also regulating local government financing vehicles to ensure that we will keep the front door open while at the same time block those back doors. At the same time, Chinese banks have fairly high capital adequacy ratio and ample provisions. It is true that there are nonperforming loans and the NPL ratio has picked up somewhat, but still the level of NPL in China is quite low internationally.
这里我要表明，我们允许个案性金融风险的发生，按市场化的原则进行清算，这是为了防止道德风险，也增强人们的风险意识。今年，我们就要出台存款保险制度，而且要进一步发展多层次的资本市场，降低企业的资金杠杆率，也可以使金融更好地为实体经济服务。谢谢！
Individual cases of financial risk will be allowed. We encourage the practice of balancing one’s books in a market-based way, and we need to guard against moral hazards and raise people’s awareness of these financial risks. This year we are going to introduce the deposit insurance system, continue to develop multitiered capital markets and lower companies’ leverage ratio. All these efforts will help ensure that financial services can better serve the real economy.
台湾TVBS记者：去年一年在台湾发生一些事情，影响到两岸经济合作的进程。在大陆的经济结构、经济增速放缓的趋势下，在大陆台商也遇到一些经营和发展上的困难。请问大陆在继续促进两岸经济合作的过程中有什么策略，可以让台湾的企业家和台湾一般民众更优先而切实地感受到大陆发展的机遇？
Television Broadcasts Satellite: There were developments in Taiwan last year which affected business cooperation between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits. As the mainland adjusts its economic structure and as the economy slows down, the business people from Taiwan operating on the mainland also run into difficulties. So my question is, what steps will the mainland take to boost cross-Straits business cooperation and to ensure businesses and people from Taiwan can continue to have priority access to the mainland’s development opportunities?
李克强：
Premier:
两岸是一家人，是骨肉同胞。坚持“一个中国”、“九二共识”、反对“台独”，维护两岸关系和平发展，就会给两岸经济合作创造基础，扩大空间。对推动两岸经济合作来说，需要两个轮子一起转。一个轮子就是要加强两岸经贸合作的制度化建设，比如说像ECFA后续协商。另一个轮子就是扩大相互开放。对大陆来说，尤其是要重视在大陆投资的台湾企业。
People on both sides of the Taiwan Straits are members of one big family as long as we continue to adhere to the One-China Principle and 1992 Consensus, oppose ‘Taiwan Independence’, and uphold peaceful development of cross-Straits relations. We will be able to lay a more solid foundation for cross-Straits business cooperation and expand room for such business times. To boost the economic cooperation between the two sides, we need to get both wheels in motion. One wheel is to enhance institution building, for example, to continue to pursue the follow-up consultations on ECFA (Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement). The other is about further mutual opening-up, as far as the mainland is concerned, closer attention will be paid to the investment made by Taiwan business people on the mainland.
这里请你传递一个带有“定心丸”的消息，就是大陆将会继续维护台资企业和台商的合法权益，保持对他们的合理优惠政策。而且在对外开放中，我们会先一步对台湾开放，或者说对台湾开放的力度和深度会更大一些。我们欢迎台商包括年轻人到大陆来创业，并且愿意推动两岸人员交流，拉近两岸民众的心理距离。谢谢！
Here I would like to ask you to convey a message to all these people, which I believe will prove to be quite reassuring to them, that is the mainland will continue to protect lawful rights and interests of Taiwan business people on the mainland, and continue to pursue preferential policies toward them as appropriate. In terms of opening-up, we will give priority to Taiwan in terms of both the depth and intensity of such opening-up steps. We welcome people from Taiwan businesses, including these young people from Taiwan, to come to the mainland to pursue their own careers and business opportunities. We also want to further enhance personal interflow between the two sides so as to bring the hearts and minds of the two sides of people even closer to each other.
People’s Daily: You mentioned that you bought books on the Internet. My question is about books. We know that the government work report needs to cover a lot of ground, and each year there are some slight changes. But for two years running, to encourage people to read has been written into the government work report. I would like to know why do you care so deeply about this, and can you share with us your experience about reading?
李克强：
Premier:
我记得去年起草《政府工作报告》，我在听取各方意见的时候，不仅是文化界、出版界的人士，而且经济界和企业家都向我提出要支持全民阅读活动，报告要加上“全民阅读”的字样。而且还有人担忧，说现在我们国家民众每年的阅读量还不到有些国家人均的十分之一。这些建议让我深思，说明人们不仅在追求物质财富的增加，而且希望有更丰富的精神生活。
Last year in drafting the government work report, I solicited views from representatives from various circles, and I have found that not only people from the cultural and publishing sectors but also those from economic and business circles have suggested that the government needs to give further support to encourage a love of reading among all people, and the government needs to write this part into its work report. They also said that they are concerned that the average per capita amount of reading in China is only about one-tenth of that of other countries in the world. What they said has given me a lot of food for thought, and it also made me feel that it shows our people not only want to pursue an increase in material wealth, but also long for better nourishment of the mind.
书籍和阅读可以说是人类文明传承的主要载体，就我个人的经历来说，用闲暇时间来阅读是一种享受，也是拥有财富，可以说终身受益。我希望全民阅读能够形成一种氛围，无处不在。我们国家全民的阅读量能够逐年增加，这也是我们社会进步、文明程度提高的十分重要的标志。而且把阅读作为一种生活方式，把它与工作方式相结合，不仅会增加发展的创新力量，而且会增强社会的道德力量。这也就是为什么我两次愿意把“全民阅读”这几个字写入《政府工作报告》的原因，明年还会继续。谢谢！
Books and reading have been essential in carrying forward human civilizations. Reading is what I enjoy most in my spare time. It makes me feel wealthy and reading has been the most rewarding experience in my life. I hope that all of our people can foster a love of reading and as our people’s reading grows, I believe it is also a very important symbol for further social and cultural progress in China. I hope that more people can make reading a way of life, and also find it is very useful in one’s own work. Reading can further unlock the potential for innovation in our development, and boost and enhance civic morality. That is why I have, for two years running, written this into the government work report and I believe that will also be the case for next year’s government work report.
记者：您如何回应中缅边境最近发生的问题？
Reporter: How would you respond to developments in the border areas between China and Myanmar?
李克强：
Premier:
你问了一件让我感到痛心的事情。在中缅边界我方一侧，一些我国居民的生命和财产受到了损失，我首先要向遇难者家属表示哀悼和深切的慰问。同时，我国政府、外交部、军方都向缅方提出了严正交涉。我们有责任也有能力坚决维护中缅边境的安全稳定，坚决保护我国人民的生命和财产安全。谢谢！
What happened was deeply distressing. The life and property of some Chinese residents around China-Myanmar border areas have been damaged and I want to, first, use this occasion to express my deep sympathies to those bereaved families. I also want to say that the Chinese Foreign Ministry and China’s military have both made stern representations with Myanmar, and we have the responsibility and capacity to firmly safeguard stability in the border areas between the two countries, and protect the life and property of our people. Thank you.
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