习大大在网络安全和信息化工作座谈会上的讲话
在网络安全和信息化工作座谈会上的讲话（节选）
Speech at a Symposium on Cybersecurity and IT Application (Excerpt)
习近平
Xi Jinping
2016年4月19日
April 19, 2016
今天，我们召开一个网络安全和信息化工作座谈会。这个会，我一直想开。党的十八大以来，我国互联网事业快速发展，网络安全和信息化工作扎实推进，取得显著进步和成绩，同时也存在不少短板和问题。召开这次座谈会，就是要当面听取大家意见和建议，共同探讨一些措施和办法，以利于我们把工作做得更好。
Today, we are holding a symposium on cybersecurity and IT application. This is a meeting that I have wanted to convene for some time now. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC in 2012, China’s Internet initiatives have developed very rapidly, with steady progress having being made in cybersecurity and IT application. Yet despite these notable results, we are still facing a number of problems and falling short in many areas. This symposium is a chance for us to hear people’s opinions and suggestions up front, and discuss measures and approaches that will help us to do a better job in the future.
刚才，几位同志讲得很好，分析了当前互联网发展新情况新动向，介绍了信息化发展新技术新趋势，提出了很好的意见和建议，听了很受启发。你们的发言，体现了务实的态度、创新的精神、强烈的责任感，也体现了在互联网领域较高的理论和实践水平，对我们改进工作很有帮助。有关部门要认真研究大家的意见和建议，能吸收的尽量吸收。下面，我谈几点意见，同大家交流。
Just now, several fellow participants made some very good remarks. You analyzed the latest Internet developments and trends, introduced the newest technologies and trends in IT application, and offered some very good opinions and suggestions, which has given me much food for thought. Your remarks have demonstrated your pragmatic attitude, innovative spirit, and strong sense of responsibility, in addition to your considerable level of theoretical and practical expertise on the Internet, and they will assist us greatly in improving our performance. The relevant departments should carefully review everyone’s opinions and suggestions and take as many of them on board as possible. Now, I would like to share some of my views with everyone here.
第一个问题，讲讲推动我国网信事业发展，让互联网更好造福人民。
First, I will talk about developing the Internet and IT in China and enabling the Internet to do more to benefit people.
听了大家发言，我有一个总的感觉，就是对互联网来说，我国虽然是后来者，接入国际互联网只有20多年，但我们正确处理安全和发展、开放和自主、管理和服务的关系，推动互联网发展取得令人瞩目的成就。现在，互联网越来越成为人们学习、工作、生活的新空间，越来越成为获取公共服务的新平台。我国有7亿网民，这是一个了不起的数字，也是一个了不起的成就。
Having listened to your remarks, my overall impression is that although China was a latecomer as far as the Internet is concerned, having only been connected for over 20 years, we have made remarkable achievements in the development of the Internet because we have struck the right balance between security and development, openness and autonomy, and management and services. Today, the Internet is increasingly becoming a new space in which people study, work, and live their lives, and increasingly emerging as a new platform through which people acquire public services. China is now home to 700 million Internet users. This is an incredible number, and it is also an incredible achievement.
从社会发展史看，人类经历了农业革命、工业革命，正在经历信息革命。农业革命增强了人类生存能力，使人类从采食捕猎走向栽种畜养，从野蛮时代走向文明社会。工业革命拓展了人类体力，以机器取代了人力，以大规模工厂化生产取代了个体工场手工生产。而信息革命则增强了人类脑力，带来生产力又一次质的飞跃，对国际政治、经济、文化、社会、生态、军事等领域发展产生了深刻影响。
Looking at the history of society, we can see that having experienced agricultural and industrial revolutions in the past, human society is now in the midst of an information revolution. The agricultural revolution enhanced the capacity of humans to survive, marking the progression of humanity from hunting and gathering to farming and herding, and from a primitive society to a civilized one. The industrial revolution expanded the limits of human labor, replacing physical labor with machinery and manual workshops with large-scale factories. Now the information revolution is boosting human intellect, bringing about another leap forward in productive forces that has exerted a profound political, economic, cultural, social, environmental, and military impact around the globe.
当前和今后一个时期，我国发展的目标是实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标。我说过，建设富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家，实现中华民族伟大复兴，是鸦片战争以来中国人民最伟大的梦想，是中华民族的最高利益和根本利益。今天，我们13亿多人的一切奋斗归根到底都是为了实现这一伟大目标。
China’s development goal both now and for the foreseeable future is to realize the “Two Centenary Goals.” As I have said before, the building of a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious, and the realization of the Chinese nation’s rejuvenation, have been the greatest dream of the Chinese people since the Opium War of 1840. This is the highest and most fundamental interest of the Chinese nation. Today, the entire efforts of more than 1.3 billion Chinese people are all about realizing this monumental goal.
我国曾经是世界上的经济强国，后来在欧洲发生工业革命、世界发生深刻变革的时期，丧失了与世界同进步的历史机遇，逐渐落到了被动挨打的境地。特别是鸦片战争之后，中华民族更是陷入积贫积弱、任人宰割的悲惨状况。想起这一段历史，我们心中都有刻骨铭心的痛。经过几代人努力，我们从来没有像今天这样离实现中华民族伟大复兴的目标如此之近，也从来没有像今天这样更有信心、更有能力实现中华民族伟大复兴。这是中华民族的一个重要历史机遇，我们必须牢牢抓住，决不能同这样的历史机遇失之交臂。这就是我们这一代人的历史责任，是我们对中华民族的责任，是对前人的责任，也是对后人的责任。
China was once a leading economic power in the world. However, when Europe was swept by the Industrial Revolution and the world underwent a period of profound changes, China missed out on the historic opportunity to develop in step with the rest of the world, gradually descending to the point of being unable to defend itself against foreign aggression. After the Opium War, in particular, the Chinese people sunk further into the miserable plight of poverty and weakness, being trampled over at will. The painful memories of this period of history have been etched in our hearts. However, following several generations of efforts, we are now closer than ever to realizing the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and more confident and able than ever to make this a reality. This is a crucial historic opportunity for the Chinese nation, and it is imperative that we seize it. Under no circumstances can we allow such an opportunity to slip away from us. This is the historic responsibility of our generation. It is our responsibility to the Chinese nation, to our forbearers, and to later generations.
党的十八届五中全会提出了创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念，这是在深刻总结国内外发展经验教训、深入分析国内外发展大势的基础上提出的，集中反映了我们党对我国经济社会发展规律的新认识。按照新发展理念推动我国经济社会发展，是当前和今后一个时期我国发展的总要求和大趋势。古人说：“随时以举事，因资而立功，用万物之能而获利其上。”我国网信事业发展要适应这个大趋势。总体上说，网信事业代表着新的生产力、新的发展方向，应该也能够在践行新发展理念上先行一步。
Last year, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee introduced the principles of innovative, coordinated, green, open, and shared development. Based on our profound summary of domestic and international experiences and lessons in development, and on our in-depth analysis of domestic and international trends, these five principles reflect a new understanding of the underlying laws governing China’s economic and social progress. Advancing China’s economic and social development in line with these principles will constitute both the main requirement and trend of our country’s development in the period ahead. There is an ancient saying, “A wise man inaugurates works in accordance with the times, accomplishes merits by means of resources, and employs the utilities of the myriad things to get benefits from them.” In keeping with this sentiment, it is important that our country’s Internet and IT-related undertakings adapt to this major trend that we have identified. Generally speaking, the Internet and IT represent a new productive force and new direction of development, and for this reason they can and should take the lead in putting our new principles of development into practice.
我国经济发展进入新常态，新常态要有新动力，互联网在这方面可以大有作为。我们实施“互联网+”行动计划，带动全社会兴起了创新创业热潮，信息经济在我国国内生产总值中的占比不断攀升。当今世界，信息化发展很快，不进则退，慢进亦退。我们要加强信息基础设施建设，强化信息资源深度整合，打通经济社会发展的信息“大动脉”。党的十八届五中全会、“十三五”规划纲要都对实施网络强国战略、“互联网+”行动计划、大数据战略等作了部署，要切实贯彻落实好，着力推动互联网和实体经济深度融合发展，以信息流带动技术流、资金流、人才流、物资流，促进资源配置优化，促进全要素生产率提升，为推动创新发展、转变经济发展方式、调整经济结构发挥积极作用。
China has entered a new normal of economic development. The new normal requires new drivers of growth, and the Internet has enormous potential to deliver. The “Internet Plus” action plan we are carrying out has led to a surge in innovation and entrepreneurship throughout our society, and the information economy is accounting for an increasingly large share of our national GDP. The application of IT is occurring extremely rapidly around the world. If we do not forge ahead, or if we are too slow, we will be thrown back by the current. It is therefore important that we step up the development of information infrastructure, enhance the deep integration of information resources, and open up the information “artery” of economic and social development. The Fifth Plenary Session and 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020) have both laid out plans for implementing the national cyber development strategy, the “Internet Plus” action plan, and the national big data strategy. It is important that these plans are carried out effectively. This means making rigorous efforts to integrate the Internet more deeply into the real economy, using information flows to facilitate the flow of technology, capital, talent, and materials, and improve resource allocation and increase total factor productivity, so as to develop innovatively, transform the economic growth model, and restructure the economy.
网信事业要发展，必须贯彻以人民为中心的发展思想。这是党的十八届五中全会提出的一个重要观点。要适应人民期待和需求，加快信息化服务普及，降低应用成本，为老百姓提供用得上、用得起、用得好的信息服务，让亿万人民在共享互联网发展成果上有更多获得感。相比城市，农村互联网基础设施建设是我们的短板。要加大投入力度，加快农村互联网建设步伐，扩大光纤网、宽带网在农村的有效覆盖。可以做好信息化和工业化深度融合这篇大文章，发展智能制造，带动更多人创新创业；可以瞄准农业现代化主攻方向，提高农业生产智能化、经营网络化水平，帮助广大农民增加收入；可以发挥互联网优势，实施“互联网+教育”、“互联网+医疗”、“互联网+文化”等，促进基本公共服务均等化；可以发挥互联网在助推脱贫攻坚中的作用，推进精准扶贫、精准脱贫，让更多困难群众用上互联网，让农产品通过互联网走出乡村，让山沟里的孩子也能接受优质教育；可以加快推进电子政务，鼓励各级政府部门打破信息壁垒、提升服务效率，让百姓少跑腿、信息多跑路，解决办事难、办事慢、办事繁的问题，等等。这些方面有很多事情可做，一些互联网企业已经做了尝试，取得了较好的经济效益和社会效益。
If China’s Internet and IT undertakings are to develop, it is essential that they revolve around the people. This is an important notion that was introduced at the Fifth Plenary Session last year. Responding to the expectations and demands of the people, we must work faster to bring IT-based services to more people, reduce application costs, and provide the public with information services that are useful, affordable, and high in quality, thus enabling millions upon millions of Chinese people to gain a stronger sense of benefit from the development of the Internet. Compared to cities, the development of Internet infrastructure in the countryside is an area in which we are falling short. By devoting more resources, we need to accelerate the development of the Internet in the countryside and extend the effective coverage of fiber-optic networks and broadband in rural areas. To encourage more people to innovate and start their own business, we can carry out a major initiative to integrate IT into industry and develop smart manufacturing. To help the farming population raise their incomes, we can focus on the main areas of agricultural modernization and enhance the application of smart technology and the Internet in agricultural production and operation. And to promote equal access to basic public services, we can give play to the Internet’s strengths by launching initiatives such as “Internet plus education,” “Internet plus health care,” and “Internet plus culture.” At the same time, we can make full use of the Internet as a driving force in the fight against poverty, using it to promote targeted poverty alleviation and get agricultural products out of rural areas, enabling more people living in difficulty to get online, and ensuring that children in remote mountainous areas are also able to enjoy high quality education. We can also accelerate the development of e-government, encouraging government departments to disassemble information barriers and raise service efficiency, so that members of the public are required to make fewer visits to government departments in person and find it less difficult, time-consuming, and laborious to get things done. There is a great deal we can do. Some Internet companies have already started to experiment in these areas, and have yielded positive economic and social effects.
有专家提出，我们的国家治理中存在信息共享、资源统筹、工作协调不够等问题，制约了国家治理效率和公共服务水平。这个问题要深入研究。我们提出推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，信息是国家治理的重要依据，要发挥其在这个进程中的重要作用。要以信息化推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，统筹发展电子政务，构建一体化在线服务平台，分级分类推进新型智慧城市建设，打通信息壁垒，构建全国信息资源共享体系，更好用信息化手段感知社会态势、畅通沟通渠道、辅助科学决策。
Experts have pointed out that insufficient information sharing, resource pooling, and work coordination has held back the efficiency of China’s national governance and prevented increases in the standard of public services. This is a problem that will need to be studied in depth. China has introduced the target of modernizing its national governance system and capacity. Information, as an important basis for national governance, should play a significant role in this process. Using IT application as a means of modernizing our national governance system and capacity, we need to coordinate the development of e-government, build integrated online service platforms, develop smart cities on a tiered and per-category basis, and break down information barriers to establish a national framework for the sharing of information resources, so that we are better equipped to use information-based approaches to perceive social trends, open channels of communication, and support sound decision making.
Second, I will talk about building a sound online environment and giving play to the role of the Internet in guiding and representing public opinion.
互联网是一个社会信息大平台，亿万网民在上面获得信息、交流信息，这会对他们的求知途径、思维方式、价值观念产生重要影响，特别是会对他们对国家、对社会、对工作、对人生的看法产生重要影响。
The Internet, as a broad social platform through which millions upon millions of users obtain and exchange information, is having a major influence on the way that people acquire knowledge, the way they think, and also on their values and views. In particular, it is influencing the way that people view the country, society, their jobs, and also their lives.
实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标，需要全社会方方面面同心干，需要全国各族人民心往一处想、劲往一处使。如果一个社会没有共同理想，没有共同目标，没有共同价值观，整天乱哄哄的，那就什么事也办不成。我国有13亿多人，如果弄成那样一个局面，就不符合人民利益，也不符合国家利益。
Attaining the “Two Centenary Goals” requires that our entire society works together in one heart and one mind. It requires that people of all ethnic groups focus their thoughts and their efforts towards the same goal. A society that lacks common ideals, goals, and values, and that finds itself in permanent disorder will never achieve anything. China has a population of more than 1.3 billion people, and neither the people nor the country would benefit if we ended up like that.
凝聚共识工作不容易做，大家要共同努力。为了实现我们的目标，网上网下要形成同心圆。什么是同心圆？就是在党的领导下，动员全国各族人民，调动各方面积极性，共同为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦而奋斗。
Forming a consensus is no easy task, and so we all need to work together. To attain our goals, we will need to form concentric circles both online and offline. What do I mean by concentric circles? I mean rallying all Chinese people under the leadership of the CPC, and motivating all parties to engage in a concerted effort to bring about the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
古人说：“知屋漏者在宇下，知政失者在草野。”很多网民称自己为“草根”，那网络就是现在的一个“草野”。网民来自老百姓，老百姓上了网，民意也就上了网。群众在哪儿，我们的领导干部就要到哪儿去，不然怎么联系群众呢？各级党政机关和领导干部要学会通过网络走群众路线，经常上网看看，潜潜水、聊聊天、发发声，了解群众所思所愿，收集好想法好建议，积极回应网民关切、解疑释惑。善于运用网络了解民意、开展工作，是新形势下领导干部做好工作的基本功。各级干部特别是领导干部一定要不断提高这项本领。
The ancients used to say, “The person that knows a leaking roof is found indoors; the person that knows a political error is found out in the wild.” If netizens are the “grassroots,” as many of them refer to themselves, then the Internet is the “wild” in the modern sense of the term. Netizens are members of the general public. If members of the public go online, so does public opinion. Our officials need to go wherever the public goes, otherwise how else are they expected to maintain ties with them? Party and government authorities and their leaders must learn to stay in touch with the people online. They should go online regularly, observing, chatting, and posting their comments. They need to know what the people think and want, gather good ideas and suggestions, and actively respond to netizens’ concerns, queries, and doubts. Using the Internet to understand public opinion and do their jobs is a basic skill that officials now need to learn. Officials of all ranks, particularly those in leading positions, must work constantly to improve their performance in this regard.
网民大多数是普通群众，来自四面八方，各自经历不同，观点和想法肯定是五花八门的，不能要求他们对所有问题都看得那么准、说得那么对。要多一些包容和耐心，对建设性意见要及时吸纳，对困难要及时帮助，对不了解情况的要及时宣介，对模糊认识要及时廓清，对怨气怨言要及时化解，对错误看法要及时引导和纠正，让互联网成为我们同群众交流沟通的新平台，成为了解群众、贴近群众、为群众排忧解难的新途径，成为发扬人民民主、接受人民监督的新渠道。
The majority of netizens are ordinary people that come from different walks of life and have different life experiences. Their views and opinions are sure to vary greatly, and we cannot expect them to always be right about everything. More tolerance and patience are therefore required. We need to promptly take constructive suggestions on board, afford assistance to those who need help, appeal to those without the facts, offer clarification for those who are unclear, and guide and correct those with erroneous views. This way we will ensure that the Internet becomes a new platform through which we communicate and interact with the public; a new means through which we understand the public, stay in touch with them, and address their worries and difficulties; and a new channel through which we promote people’s democracy and accept the people’s oversight.
网络空间是亿万民众共同的精神家园。网络空间天朗气清、生态良好，符合人民利益。网络空间乌烟瘴气、生态恶化，不符合人民利益。谁都不愿生活在一个充斥着虚假、诈骗、攻击、谩骂、恐怖、色情、暴力的空间。互联网不是法外之地。利用网络鼓吹推翻国家政权，煽动宗教极端主义，宣扬民族分裂思想，教唆暴力恐怖活动，等等，这样的行为要坚决制止和打击，决不能任其大行其道。利用网络进行欺诈活动，散布色情材料，进行人身攻击，兜售非法物品，等等，这样的言行也要坚决管控，决不能任其大行其道。没有哪个国家会允许这样的行为泛滥开来。我们要本着对社会负责、对人民负责的态度，依法加强网络空间治理，加强网络内容建设，做强网上正面宣传，培育积极健康、向上向善的网络文化，用社会主义核心价值观和人类优秀文明成果滋养人心、滋养社会，做到正能量充沛、主旋律高昂，为广大网民特别是青少年营造一个风清气正的网络空间。
Cyberspace is a common virtual home for millions upon millions of people. A clean and sound online environment is in the best interests of the people, while a foul and volatile one is not. Nobody wants to live in a space full of fraud, scams, attacks, slander, terror, obscenity, and violence. The Internet is not a lawless place: the use of the Internet to advocate, incite and preach the toppling of the government, religious extremism, separatism, and terrorism must be resolutely stopped and cracked down upon. Under absolutely no circumstances can such activities be allowed to go unchecked. The use of the Internet to engage in fraud, circulate obscene materials, commit slander, and sell contraband goods also needs to be resolutely restricted, and cannot be left to go unchecked either. There is not a country in the world that would allow such activities to grow out of control. With a sense of duty to society and the people, we must lawfully step up our governance of cyberspace, develop better online content, strengthen positive publicity, and work to foster a positive, healthy, upright online culture. We need to use our core socialist values as well as the fine achievements of human civilization to nurture people’s hearts and nourish the society, ensuring that positive energy and mainstream values prevail. By doing so, we will be able to create a clean and upright cyberspace for Internet users, especially young ones.
形成良好网上舆论氛围，不是说只能有一个声音、一个调子，而是说不能搬弄是非、颠倒黑白、造谣生事、违法犯罪，不能超越了宪法法律界限。我多次强调，要把权力关进制度的笼子里，一个重要手段就是发挥舆论监督包括互联网监督作用。这一条，各级党政机关和领导干部特别要注意，首先要做好。对网上那些出于善意的批评，对互联网监督，不论是对党和政府工作提的还是对领导干部个人提的，不论是和风细雨的还是忠言逆耳的，我们不仅要欢迎，而且要认真研究和吸取。
A sound atmosphere for the expression of opinion online does not imply that there should be only one voice and one tune. Rather, it means that people are not permitted to confound right and wrong, fabricate rumors and cause trouble, and break the law; it means that people cannot overstep the boundaries of the Constitution and law. I have repeatedly stressed that power needs to be confined to an institutional cage. An important means of doing this will be to exert the role of public oversight, including oversight on the Internet. Party and government authorities and their leaders must take particular note of this point, and make it their priority. Not only must we welcome well-meant criticism and public oversight online, but we must study it and take it into account, regardless of whether it is directed at the work of the Party and government or at officials personally, and regardless of whether it is mild-mannered or unpleasant to hear. 第三个问题，讲讲尽快在核心技术上取得突破。
Third, I will talk about the importance of making rapid breakthroughs in core technologies.
20多年来，我国互联网发展取得的显著成就中，包括一批技术方面的成就。目前，在世界互联网企业前10强中，我们占了4席。在第二届世界互联网大会期间，我去看了“互联网之光”博览会，来自全球的250多家企业展出的1000多项新技术新成果中，我们也占了不少，这令人高兴。同时，我们也要看到，同世界先进水平相比，同建设网络强国战略目标相比，我们在很多方面还有不小差距，特别是在互联网创新能力、基础设施建设、信息资源共享、产业实力等方面还存在不小差距，其中最大的差距在核心技术上。
China’s notable achievements in the development of the Internet over the past 20 years or more have included a number of technological accomplishments. At present, four of the world’s top 10 Internet companies are Chinese. While attending the Second World Internet Conference last year, I visited the “Light of the Internet” Expo, where more than 250 companies from across the globe showcased more than 1,000 new technologies. It was exciting to see that many of them were ours. However, we need to realize that there are quite a number of areas in which we are falling well short of leading world standards and the targets of our national cyber development strategy, particularly with regard to Internet innovation, infrastructure, the sharing of information resources, and the strength of our IT industry. This gap is biggest in terms of core Internet technologies.
互联网核心技术是我们最大的“命门”，核心技术受制于人是我们最大的隐患。一个互联网企业即便规模再大、市值再高，如果核心元器件严重依赖外国，供应链的“命门”掌握在别人手里，那就好比在别人的墙基上砌房子，再大再漂亮也可能经不起风雨，甚至会不堪一击。我们要掌握我国互联网发展主动权，保障互联网安全、国家安全，就必须突破核心技术这个难题，争取在某些领域、某些方面实现“弯道超车”。
Core Internet technologies are our greatest weakness, and the fact we rely on others for core technologies is our biggest threat. It matters little how large an Internet company is or how much that company is worth if it relies heavily on foreign countries for core components and its supply chains are controlled by others. It is like building a house on someone else’s foundation. It might be big and impressive, but it could be torn down at any time. If we are to seize the initiative in the development of the Internet, and guarantee our cybersecurity and national security, it is imperative that we overcome the hurdle posed by core technologies, and try to perform an “overtake on the bend” in certain fields and areas.
核心技术要取得突破，就要有决心、恒心、重心。有决心，就是要树立顽强拼搏、刻苦攻关的志气，坚定不移实施创新驱动发展战略，把更多人力物力财力投向核心技术研发，集合精锐力量，作出战略性安排。有恒心，就是要制定信息领域核心技术设备发展战略纲要，制定路线图、时间表、任务书，明确近期、中期、远期目标，遵循技术规律，分梯次、分门类、分阶段推进，咬定青山不放松。有重心，就是要立足我国国情，面向世界科技前沿，面向国家重大需求，面向国民经济主战场，紧紧围绕攀登战略制高点，强化重要领域和关键环节任务部署，把方向搞清楚，把重点搞清楚。否则，花了很多钱、投入了很多资源，最后南辕北辙，是难以取得成效的。
To make breakthroughs in core technologies, we will need determination, perseverance, and focus. By determination, I mean that we must have the willpower to make determined and hard efforts; resolutely carry out China’s strategy of innovation-driven development; devote more manpower, resources, and funds to the research and development of core technologies; and assemble our best talent and put them to the best strategic use. By perseverance, I mean that we need to formulate strategic plans for the development of core technologies and equipment in the information domain; draw up roadmaps, schedules, and task briefs; define short-, medium-, and long-term goals; respect objective laws by advancing initiatives one level, category, and stage at a time; and ensure that once we have started we never let up. And by focus, I mean that we must take aim at the cutting edge, at the major needs of our country, and at the national economy while bearing in mind China’s national conditions; enhance our planning in key areas and links with a view to assuming the strategic high ground; and ensure that we are clear on our direction and priorities. If we cannot do this, we will ultimately fail to get real results, though a great deal of money and resources will end up being spent.
什么是核心技术？我看，可以从3个方面把握。一是基础技术、通用技术。二是非对称技术、“杀手锏”技术。三是前沿技术、颠覆性技术。在这些领域，我们同国外处在同一条起跑线上，如果能够超前部署、集中攻关，很有可能实现从跟跑并跑到并跑领跑的转变。我国网信领域广大企业家、专家学者、科技人员要树立这个雄心壮志，要争这口气，努力尽快在核心技术上取得新的重大突破。正所谓“日日行，不怕千万里；常常做，不怕千万事”。
But what is core technology? In my view, core technology can be divided into three categories: basic and generic technologies; asymmetric and “trump-card” technologies; and cutting edge and revolutionary technologies. In these areas, we are on a level playing field with other countries. So if we can start early and focus on making breakthroughs, there is a very good chance that we could actually go from following behind, and running with the crowd to taking the lead. Our Internet and IT entrepreneurs, experts, scientists, and technicians should have this kind of ambition, devoting their efforts to making major breakthroughs in core technologies as soon as possible. As the saying goes, “One who walks daily fears no distance; one who practices frequently fears no task.” 我国信息技术产业体系相对完善、基础较好，在一些领域已经接近或达到世界先进水平，市场空间很大，有条件有能力在核心技术上取得更大进步，关键是要理清思路、脚踏实地去干。
China’s IT industry is well developed and has a strong foundation. In some areas it is approaching or has even reached a world-class level. With a huge potential market, we have the conditions and the ability to make even bigger advances in core technologies. The key is that we keep our head clear and our feet on the ground.
第一，正确处理开放和自主的关系。互联网让世界变成了地球村，推动国际社会越来越成为你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体。现在，有一种观点认为，互联网很复杂、很难治理，不如一封了之、一关了之。这种说法是不正确的，也不是解决问题的办法。中国开放的大门不能关上，也不会关上。我们要鼓励和支持我国网信企业走出去，深化互联网国际交流合作，积极参与“一带一路”建设，做到“国家利益在哪里，信息化就覆盖到哪里”。外国互联网企业，只要遵守我国法律法规，我们都欢迎。
To begin with, we need to strike the right balance between openness and autonomy.The Internet has turned the world into a global village, promoting the transformation of the international community into a closely-interconnected community of shared future. However, there is a view that Internet is too complex to be governed, and that it would be best to just block it or shut it down. This view is not correct, and it is not the answer to the problem. China’s doors cannot and will not be closed. We need to encourage our Internet and IT companies to go global, to deepen international exchanges and cooperation, and to participate actively in the Belt and Road Initiative, so as to ensure that IT covers China’s national interests wherever they are found. At the same time, we welcome all foreign Internet companies to China, as long as they comply with our laws and regulations.
现在，在技术发展上有两种观点值得注意。一种观点认为，要关起门来，另起炉灶，彻底摆脱对外国技术的依赖，靠自主创新谋发展，否则总跟在别人后面跑，永远追不上。另一种观点认为，要开放创新，站在巨人肩膀上发展自己的技术，不然也追不上。这两种观点都有一定道理，但也都绝对了一些，没有辩证看待问题。一方面，核心技术是国之重器，最关键最核心的技术要立足自主创新、自立自强。市场换不来核心技术，有钱也买不来核心技术，必须靠自己研发、自己发展。另一方面，我们强调自主创新，不是关起门来搞研发，一定要坚持开放创新，只有跟高手过招才知道差距，不能夜郎自大。
With regard to the development of technology, there are two viewpoints that warrant our attention. One view holds that we should close our doors and start afresh, totally freeing ourselves of reliance on foreign technology and developing through our own innovation; otherwise, we will always trail behind other countries and never catch up. The other view holds that we need to take an open approach to innovation, developing our technologies by standing on the shoulders of giants; otherwise, we will never catch up. Despite both having some merit, the two arguments both go a little too far, failing to view the problem dialectically. On one hand, core technologies are indispensable for a country. The most key and core technologies must come through self-innovation, self-reliance, and self-improvement. Core technologies cannot be traded or bought on the market with money, but must come from our own research and development. On the other hand, our emphasis on innovation does not mean that we should carry out R&D behind closed doors. It is essential that we take an open approach to innovation, as only by going up against a strong adversary can we know how far we trail behind and avoid complacency.
我们不拒绝任何新技术，新技术是人类文明发展的成果，只要有利于提高我国社会生产力水平、有利于改善人民生活，我们都不拒绝。问题是要搞清楚哪些是可以引进但必须安全可控的，哪些是可以引进消化吸收再创新的，哪些是可以同别人合作开发的，哪些是必须依靠自己的力量自主创新的。核心技术的根源问题是基础研究问题，基础研究搞不好，应用技术就会成为无源之水、无本之木。
We should not reject new technologies, which are products of human advancement. We will not reject any technology that helps to raise the standard of our country’s productive forces and improve the living standard of our people. The important thing is that we are clear about which technologies can be introduced from abroad, provided they are secure and controllable; which technologies can be introduced for the purpose of assimilation, absorption, and re-innovation; which technologies can be developed in collaboration with other parties; and which technologies must be developed independently through our own innovation. Core technologies are essentially a question of basic research. In the absence of good basic research, there is no foundation to support the development of applied technologies.
第二，在科研投入上集中力量办大事。近年来，我们在核心技术研发上投的钱不少，但效果还不是很明显。我看，主要问题是好钢没有用在刀刃上。要围绕国家亟需突破的核心技术，把拳头攥紧，坚持不懈做下去。
Next, we need to focus energies on major initiatives in R&D.Though we have spent a lot of money on the research and development of core technologies in recent years, the results have not been particularly outstanding. In my view, the main problem is that our energies have not been put to the best use. It is therefore important that we clench our fists and continue working tirelessly on the core technologies that China urgently needs to master.
第三，积极推动核心技术成果转化。技术要发展，必须要使用。在全球信息领域，创新链、产业链、价值链整合能力越来越成为决定成败的关键。核心技术研发的最终结果，不应只是技术报告、科研论文、实验室样品，而应是市场产品、技术实力、产业实力。核心技术脱离了它的产业链、价值链、生态系统，上下游不衔接，就可能白忙活一场。
Thirdly, we need to actively promote the application of technological advances.If technology is to advance, it must be put to use. In the global IT domain, the ability to consolidate innovation, industry, and value chains is increasingly becoming the most crucial determinant of success. The eventual outcome of the R&D of core technologies should not merely be technical reports, R&D papers, and lab samples, but rather actual products, technological prowess, and industrial strength. If a core technology becomes detached from its industrial chain, value chain, and ecosystem, failing to link upstream and downstream segments of the chain, its development may very well have been a wasted effort.
科研和经济不能搞成“两张皮”，要着力推进核心技术成果转化和产业化。经过一定范围论证，该用的就要用。我们自己推出的新技术新产品，在应用中出现一些问题是自然的。可以在用的过程中继续改进，不断提高质量。如果大家都不用，就是报一个课题完成报告，然后束之高阁，那永远发展不起来。
R&D and the economy cannot be detached from each other. We need to devote major efforts to promoting the commercial and industrial application of scientific and technological advances. Those technologies deemed applicable after deliberation on a certain scale must be applied. It is perfectly normal for new technologies and products to display certain faults during their application. In such cases, we can continue to make improvements and raise their quality as they are being applied. If nobody uses the technologies we develop, and if technologies are simply put aside after a research project has been completed and a report submitted, then we will never be able to develop.
第四，推动强强联合、协同攻关。要打好核心技术研发攻坚战，不仅要把冲锋号吹起来，而且要把集合号吹起来，也就是要把最强的力量积聚起来共同干，组成攻关的突击队、特种兵。我们同国际先进水平在核心技术上差距悬殊，一个很突出的原因，是我们的骨干企业没有像微软、英特尔、谷歌、苹果那样形成协同效应。美国有个所谓的“文泰来”联盟，微软的视窗操作系统只配对英特尔的芯片。在核心技术研发上，强强联合比单打独斗效果要好，要在这方面拿出些办法来，彻底摆脱部门利益和门户之见的束缚。抱着宁为鸡头、不为凤尾的想法，抱着自己拥有一亩三分地的想法，形不成合力，是难以成事的。
Finally, we need to promote collaboration between leading companies.To clinch victory in an arduous struggle to develop core technologies, not only must we give the signal to charge, but we must also sound the call to assemble. In other words, we need to pool our most capable forces together to form a crack force that can overcome challenges in research and development. One of the main reasons why there is such a large gap between world leaders and us in core technologies is that our leading companies do not collaborate in the way that Microsoft, Intel, Google, and Apple do. For example, in the US, they have the “Wintel” alliance whereby Microsoft’s Windows operating system works only with Intel chips. In the development of core technologies, collaboration is a more effective strategy than going it alone. It is therefore important that we come up with some measures in this regard, to free ourselves from the constraints of departmental interests and faction-like bias. If we cannot overcome petty, small-minded thinking and form synergy, we will not succeed.
The suggestion that we should build alliances between companies, universities, research institutes, and users is a very good one. For example, we could form “Internet Plus” and high-end chip alliances in an effort to strengthen communication on strategies, technology, standards, and markets and promote collaborative innovation. We could look into a system whereby we solicit the key core technologies we need, and whoever has what it takes to make the breakthrough takes the lead, regardless of their background. In doing so, we would give play not only to the role of state-owned enterprises, but also private companies. Alternately, the two could join forces. In addition, we could also explore the formation of more tightly-knit capital-based collaboration mechanisms, establishing investment companies for the R&D of core technologies in order to give play to the strengths of leading companies while driving the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, thereby not only resolving the problem of technology promotion and application for upstream companies, but also addressing the lack of proprietary technologies in downstream companies.
第四个问题，讲讲增强互联网企业使命感、责任感，共同促进互联网持续健康发展。
Fourth, I will talk about enhancing the sense of mission and responsibility of Internet companies and making joint efforts for the sustained and sound development of the Internet.
我国互联网企业由小到大、由弱变强，在稳增长、促就业、惠民生等方面发挥了重要作用。让企业持续健康发展，既是企业家奋斗的目标，也是国家发展的需要。企业命运与国家发展息息相关。脱离了国家支持、脱离了群众支持，脱离了为国家服务、为人民服务，企业难以做强做大。
As China’s Internet companies have grown in both size and strength, they have played an important role in promoting steady economic growth, creating jobs, and improving public well-being. The sustained and healthy development of companies is not only a goal that entrepreneurs strive towards; it is also essential for our country’s development. The future prospects of companies are closely linked to the development of the country. Businesses will struggle to thrive if they do not have the support of the country and people, or if they diverge from the principles of serving the country and people.
今年全国“两会”期间，我在参加全国政协十二届四次会议民建、工商联界委员联组会时强调，实行公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度，是中国共产党确立的一项大政方针，是中国特色社会主义制度的重要组成部分，也是完善社会主义市场经济体制的必然要求；我们党在坚持基本经济制度上的观点是明确的、一贯的，而且是不断深化的，从来没有动摇，这是不会变的，也是不能变的。我不仅讲了话，而且很快就把我的讲话公开发表了，这就是要让广大企业家吃个“定心丸”。
At a joint meeting of political advisors from the China National Democratic Construction Association and the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce held during the Fourth Session of the 12th National Committee of the CPPCC earlier this year, I stressed that China’s basic economic system, whereby public ownership plays the dominant role and ownerships in other forms develop side by side, is a major political principle established by the CPC. It is an important component of the system of Chinese socialism, and a necessity for improving the socialist market economy. I also stressed that the CPC’s stance on upholding the basic economic system is clear, consistent, and constantly deepening, that it has never wavered, and that it will not and cannot change. Not only did I speak at the meeting, my speech was quickly made available to the public. The intention was to offer reassurance to our country’s many entrepreneurs.
我们国家这么大、人口这么多，要把经济社会发展搞上去，需要各方面齐心协力干，公有制经济、非公有制经济应该相辅相成、相得益彰，而不是相互排斥、相互抵消。非公有制企业搞大了、搞好了、搞到世界上去了，为国家和人民作出更大贡献了，是国家的光荣。党和政府当然要支持，这一点是毫无疑义的。
In a country as large and as populous as ours, economic and social development is only possible with the concerted efforts of the many. The public and non-public sectors should support and complement one another, as opposed to mutually excluding and undermining each other. If our non-public enterprises get bigger, stronger, and go global, thereby making a bigger contribution to the country and people, it is something that the country should be proud of, and there is no doubt whatsoever that the CPC and government are behind this.
在我国，7亿多人上互联网，肯定需要管理，而且这个管理是很复杂、很繁重的。企业要承担企业的责任，党和政府要承担党和政府的责任，哪一边都不能放弃自己的责任。网上信息管理，网站应负主体责任，政府行政管理部门要加强监管。主管部门、企业要建立密切协作协调的关系，避免过去经常出现的“一放就乱、一管就死”现象，走出一条齐抓共管、良性互动的新路。
China has more than 700 million Internet users, and this makes management not only necessary but also highly complex and challenging. Companies need to assume their responsibilities, and so do the CPC and government. No one side can shirk its responsibilities. Websites should assume the principal responsibility for the management of online information, while the administrative departments of the government should enhance their regulation. Competent authorities and companies should collaborate and coordinate closely with each other, so as to avoid the old problem of management being overly lax one moment and overly tight the next, and pave a new path of joint management and benign interaction.
第一，坚持鼓励支持和规范发展并行。企业直接面向市场，处在创新第一线，处在掌握民众需要第一线，市场感觉敏锐，创新需求敏感，创新愿望强烈。应该鼓励和支持企业成为研发主体、创新主体、产业主体，鼓励和支持企业布局前沿技术，推动核心技术自主创新，创造和把握更多机会，参与国际竞争，拓展海外发展空间。
First of all, we should support and encourage businesses whilst promoting regulated development.Companies are oriented directly towards markets. Located on the front lines of innovation and consumer demand, they are highly sensitive to the market, perceptive of the need for innovation, and have a strong desire to innovate. We should support companies in becoming the principal actors in R&D, innovation, and industry, and support them in deploying cutting edge technologies, pursuing innovation in core technologies, creating and making use of all opportunities, engaging in global competition, and securing broader prospects for overseas development.
当前，我国互联网市场也存在一些恶性竞争、滥用市场支配地位等情况，中小企业对此意见不少。这方面，要规范市场秩序，鼓励进行良性竞争。这既有利于激发企业创新活力、提升竞争能力、扩大市场空间，又有利于平衡各方利益、维护国家利益、更好服务百姓。要加大知识产权保护力度，提高侵权代价和违法成本，震慑违法侵权行为。党的十八届四中全会提出健全以公平为核心原则的产权保护制度，加强对各种所有制经济组织和自然人财产权的保护，清理有违公平的法律法规条款。这些要求要尽快落实到位。
Today, problems such as cut-throat competition and the abuse of dominant market positions are present in China’s Internet market, and small and medium-sized enterprises have voiced much dissatisfaction over this. It is therefore important that we regulate the market and encourage benign competition. This will not only help enterprises to unleash their innovativeness, raise their competitiveness, and increase their market shares, but will also serve to balance the interests of various parties, safeguard national interests, and ensure that the public are better served. We need to step up our protection of intellectual property rights, raising the price of infringement and the cost of breaking the law in order to deter such acts. At the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee in 2014, we proposed improving a system for protecting property rights with fairness as the core principle, better protecting the property rights of natural persons and economic organizations of all types of ownership, and abolishing clauses in laws and regulations that go against the principle of fairness. These requirements need to be implemented as soon as possible.
第二，坚持政策引导和依法管理并举。政府要为企业发展营造良好环境，加快推进审批制度、融资制度、专利制度等改革，减少重复检测认证，施行优质优价政府采购制度，减轻企业负担，破除体制机制障碍。党的十八届三中全会以后，党中央成立了全面深化改革领导小组，我当组长，已经推出的很多改革方案都同这些方面有联系。改革要继续推进，也就是我说的要敢于啃硬骨头，敢于涉险滩、闯难关。
Secondly, we should combine policy guidance and law-based management.To create an environment more favorable to business, the government must accelerate the reform of its review and approval, financing, and patent systems, cut the number of repeated checks and accreditations, implement a “higher-price-for-higher-quality” procurement system, lighten the financial burden on businesses, and dismantle institutional barriers. Following the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee in 2013, the Central Committee established the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reform with me as the leader. Many of the reforms introduced by the group are linked with what I have just mentioned. It is essential that reform continues to move forward. This is what I meant when I said that we had to have the courage to tackle tough problems, brave treacherous waters, and surmount formidable obstacles.
同时，要加快网络立法进程，完善依法监管措施，化解网络风险。前段时间发生的e租宝、中晋系案件，打着“网络金融”旗号非法集资，给有关群众带来严重财产损失，社会影响十分恶劣。现在，网络诈骗案件越来越多，作案手段花样翻新，技术含量越来越高。这也提醒我们，在发展新技术新业务时，必须警惕风险蔓延。
At the same time, we need to accelerate the process of Internet legislation and refine law-based regulatory measures in order to defuse Internet-related risks. In the recent cases of Ezubao and Zhongjinxi, “Internet finance” was used as a ploy for the illegal raising of funds. This resulted in severe financial losses for many members of the public, having an extremely negative impact on our society. Cases of online fraud are currently on the rise. In addition to assuming various new forms, such scams are demonstrating increasingly high levels of technological sophistication. This is a reminder that we must be vigilant of the spread of risks as we are developing new technologies and new business.
要依法加强对大数据的管理。一些涉及国家利益、国家安全的数据，很多掌握在互联网企业手里，企业要保证这些数据安全。企业要重视数据安全。如果企业在数据保护和安全上出了问题，对自己的信誉也会产生不利影响。
We need to lawfully strengthen the management of big data. Internet companies are in possession of data that has a bearing on our national interests and security, and they must guarantee the security of this data. Companies should view data security as a matter of great importance. If companies run into problems in data protection and security, their reputations may suffer as a result.
第三，坚持经济效益和社会效益并重。一个企业既有经济责任、法律责任，也有社会责任、道德责任。企业做得越大，社会责任、道德责任就越大，公众对企业这方面的要求也就越高。我国互联网企业在发展过程中，承担了很多社会责任，这一点要给予充分肯定，希望继续发扬光大。
Thirdly, we need to lay emphasis on both economic and social effects.In addition to economic and legal responsibilities, a business also carries social and moral responsibilities. The bigger a company is, the larger its social and moral responsibilities become, and the more the public will expect of it in this regard. China’s Internet companies have assumed many social responsibilities as they have developed, and this needs to be acknowledged. I hope this can be kept up.
“行生于己，名生于人。”我说过，只有富有爱心的财富才是真正有意义的财富，只有积极承担社会责任的企业才是最有竞争力和生命力的企业。办网站的不能一味追求点击率，开网店的要防范假冒伪劣，做社交平台的不能成为谣言扩散器，做搜索的不能仅以给钱的多少作为排位的标准。希望广大互联网企业坚持经济效益和社会效益统一，在自身发展的同时，饮水思源，回报社会，造福人民。
Our actions shape the way that others see us. As I have said before, the most genuine kind of wealth is that which is steeped in love and care, and the most competitive and vibrant companies are those that actively assume their social responsibilities. Websites should not regard visitor numbers as their only goal; online stores should be on guard against counterfeit and shoddy goods; social media platforms should not become rumor-churning machines; and search engines should not determine the order of search results based on the amount of money that people pay. I hope that Internet companies will strike a balance between economic and social considerations, and that they can remember their roots, give back to society, and benefit the people as they grow.
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