外事翻译练习-温总理:改革开放是中国发展的永恒动力03

演讲内容：
我们成功实现了从高度集中的计划经济体制到充满活力的社会主义市场经济体制、从封闭半封闭状态到全方位对外开放的历史性转变。确立了社会主义初级阶段的基本经济制度，建立了适应市场经济要求的现代企业制度，形成了统一开放竞争有序的现代市场体系，建立了以经济手段和法律手段为主的宏观调控体系，完善了按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制度，逐步健全以公平正义为目标的社会保障等体系。同时，推进了教育、文化、科技、卫生等社会领域的改革，推进了以社会主义民主政治建设为主要内容的政治体制改革，确立依法治国、建设法治国家的方略。

翻译内容：
We have achieved the historic transition from a highly centralized planned economy to a vibrant socialist market economy and from a closed or semi-closed society to one that is fully open to the outside world. We have established the basic economic system for the primary stage of socialism, a modern corporate system that meets the needs of the market economy,and a modern market system that is unified, open, competitive and in good order. We have built a macro-economic regulation system that relies mainly on economic and legal means. And we have gradually improved the system under which distribution according to work is dominant and a variety of distribution modes coexist. The social safety net has been further improved for greater equity and justice. At the same time, we have advanced reform in education, culture, science, technology, health and other areas, promoted political restructuring with the focus on expanding socialist democracy and adopted the strategy of building a country under the rule of law.

[1] 句型解析

№.1 - 口译技巧之“分而译之”
【解析】“分而译之”的意思就是：在中译英的过程中，如果中文句子过长、不容易说清楚，可以把它拆开分成两句或几句说。例如在本期内容中，“实现了……确立了……建立了……形成了……建立了……完善了……逐步健全……”这样一串小句子组成的长句，难道真的要用并列短语的形式翻译出来么？于是我们采用了“分而译之”的办法，将其分开译为"We have achieved...and form...", "We have established...", "We have built...", "And we have improved...", "...has been improved...", "we have advanced..."这样几句话，整个翻译内容就显得有逻辑性，且干净明朗得多了。

【举一反三】翻译：“个体、私营等各种形式的非公有制经济是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分，对充分调动社会各方面的积极性，加快生产力的发展具有重要作用。”
答案：The non-public sector of self-employed, private and other forms of ownership is an important component part of the socialist market economy. They play an important role in mobilizing the initiative of all quarters the society to quicken the development of the productive forces.
【注】
1.上述例子中，我们就将原文只有一个主语“各种形式的非公有制经济”的长句，拆分为两个相对较短的句子翻译。
这里的non-public sector(非公有制经济)以及the productive forces(生产力)也是非常主要的经济类短语，大家务必记牢哦！

№.2 -meet the needs of
【解析】满足...需要
【举一反三】这里的meet可以用satisfy替换，同样都是“满足”的意思。

№.3 - focus on
【解析】把焦点对准...，集中注意...
【举一反三】同样也可以用"center on", "concentrate on", "revolve about"代替之。

№.4 - adopted the strategy of building a country under the rule of law
【解析】确立依法治国、建设法治国家的方略
【举一反三】这句话是把“依法治国”和“建设法治国家”两个短语很巧妙地糅合到一句话当中，是很值得学习的技巧。其中"adopted the strategy of"我们一定非常熟悉了，在很多情况下都可以使用，比如“欧洲联盟采纳了一项新的亚洲战略”翻译为：
"The European Union has adopted a new strategy for Asian affairs. "(第八次欧亚合作原文)

№.1 - a highly centralized planned economy
【解析】高度集中的计划经济体制

№.2 - a vibrant socialist market economy
【解析】充满活力的社会主义市场经济体制

例如：“中国已初步建立了社会主义市场经济体制”(贾庆林在博鳌亚洲论坛2005年年会开幕式上的演讲)翻译为：
A socialist market economy has been basically put in place.

№.3 - the primary stage of socialism
【解析】社会主义初级阶段

№.4 - macro-economic
【解析】宏观经济

【注】同时需要掌握的词汇还有micro-economic(微观经济)，这些都是谈及现代市场经济(modern market economy)时的常用词汇。例如：“所有这些都应有助于加速中国外贸的国际化进程，为宏观经贸局面的形成创造一个较好的环境。”翻译为：
All this should help speed up the internationalization of China\'s foreign trade and create a better environment for bringing about a macro-economic and trade prospect.

№.5 - work is dominant and a variety of distribution modes coexist
【解析】按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制

№.6 - socialist democracy
【解析】社会主义民主

【注】以上词组都来自于中央文献翻译部编译政治经济词汇英汉对照的标准翻译，大家一定要加强记忆，不要记错，也不要自己凭空编造对应的英文。