2011年3月中口听力原文、评析和音频
SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (45 minutes)
Part A: Spot Dictation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.
My topic for today’s lecture is communication, culture and work. When most people use the word culture, they think of people from different national backgrounds. National cultures certainly do exist and they play an important role in shaping the way people communicate, but there are other dimensions of culture too. Within a nation, regional differences can exert a powerful influence on communication. New Yorkers and Alaskans may find one another’s styles of behaving so different that they might as well be from different countries. Race and ethnicity can also shape behavior. So can age. The customs, values and attitudes of a twenty-year-old girl may vary radically from those of her parents who were raised in the 1960s or her grandparents who lived through the Great Depression and World War Ⅱ. Still, other differences can create distinctive cultures. Gender, sexual orientation, physical disabilities, religion and socio-economic background are just a few. All of these factors lead to a definition of culture as a set of values, beliefs, norms, customs, rules and codes that lead people to define themselves as a distinct group, giving them a sense of commonality. It’s important to realize that culture is learned, not innate. A Korean-born infant adopted soon after her birth by American parents and raised in the United States will think and act differently than his or her cousins who grew up in Seoul. An African American who grew up in the inner city will view the world differently than he or she would if raised in the suburbs or in a country like France where African heritage has different significance than it does in the United States. The norms and values we learn as part of our cultural conditioning shape the way we view the world and the way we interact with one another. In short, culture has such an overwhelming influence on communication that famous anthropologist Edward Hall once remarked, ‘culture is communication and communication is culture.’
【解析】
作为中口笔试听力第一题Spot Dictation，考试选用了文化题材的内容，考生对此类型题材应该并不陌生，但若不集中注意力，也会比较难把握文章的层次。
全文围绕关键信息“other dimensions of culture”，字面意思是其他的文化维度，指的是除国籍外其他造成文化差异的因素。
文章首先给出纽约人和阿拉斯加人在交流过程中行事风格不同的例子，提出了地域性差异造成文化差异的概念。而后补充道不同人种和种族同样是形成文化交流差异的因素，紧接着文章便通过老中青三代人不同的思想意识观念的例子抛出了另外一个关键隐私——年龄。
文章还提出了一个较传统观念所不同的观点，It’s important to realize that culture is learned, not innate，即文化差异并非与生俱来，而是通过后天环境的影响逐渐形成的。韩裔和非裔美国人的例子说明了这一点。
最后引用人类学家Edward Hall的观点收尾，即文化与交流互相依附，不分彼此。
Part B: Listening Comprehension1. Statements
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper; so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSER BOOKLET.
Question1.
This report is urgent. I have to finish typing it by Monday morning. So there goes my sleep this weekend.
Question2.
What this office needs is better sound proofing. I can’t concentrate here with all that traffic passing by on the street below.
Question3.
Learning a language is a laborious process and adjusting to the subtle cultural differences require much more time and patience than anyone can imagine.
Question4.
If you can talk your boss into investing in that project, it will be a turning point for your company, and we both shall benefit in the long run.
Question5.
I’m afraid we’ve undercharged them. The invoice does not include the legal fee and our agency commission. I think we need to inform them of this immediately.
Question6.
Being bilingual or multilingual can be an advantage in landing a job abroad, although fluency in other languages is not always a requirement.
Question7.
I believe our proposal is a real contender for the contract. All we need to do is to work ourselves into position to close the deal.
Question8.
We must prepare the ground for the deeper understanding of our differences and problems. Only through a share view of our problems, shall we be able to carry our collaboration forward.
Question9.
Given the size of the order and the amount of heavy expenses on our side, anything less than a 10% discount is not worth the trouble.
Question10.
Working burns calories. It takes about 3500 calories to lose just one pound of weight. And a one-hour walk at a moderate pace will burn up only 300 to 350 calories.
【解析】
1. 该题描述场景是在赶一份报告。此题难度较小。重点在前两句。
2. 该题描述了说话人对街上车辆噪音的不满。难点为sound proofing，意思是“隔音设备”。考生应注意抓住重点信息，前后进行推测。
3. 该题描述的是语言的学习。难点在laborious，译为“艰苦的，费劲的”。听力时，应抓住大意。
4. 该题在谈论投资项目的问题。A turning point译为“转折点”。
5. 该题讨论的是关于费用的问题。主要应掌握几个单词和词组的意思。undercharge译为“索价低于常价”；legal fee译为“诉讼费”；agency commission译为“代理手续费”。
6. 该题讨论的是语言与海外工作的关系。主要应掌握几个单词和词组的意思。Bilingual译为“双语者”；multilingual译为“使用多种语言的人”；land a job译为“找工作”。
7. 该题讨论的是合同竞争的问题。主要难点在于两个单词，contender译为“竞争者”，deal译为“交易”。
8. 该题讨论的是合作间相互理解的问题。难点为collaboration，译为“合作”。
9. 该题讨论的是开支的问题。重点在两个单词，expenses译为“开支，费用”，discount译为“折扣”。
10. 该题是有关消耗卡路里的问题。需掌握单词calorie，译为“卡路里（热量单位）”。考生在听力过程中需注意对具体数字的掌握。
2. Talks and Conversations
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations. After each of these, you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully, because you will hear the talk or conversation and the questions ONLY ONCE. When you hear a question, read the four answer choices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Question 11—14
W: Hello, Purchasing Department. Earls Roger’s speaking.
M: Good morning, Ms Roger. This is John Stone from ABS Company. How are you?
W: Quite good, thank you. Well, Mr Stone, we’re still studying your catalog and your products?
M: That’s very thoughtful of you, Ms Roger, but I’m calling to see if you’d like to see our showroom at the trade fair that opened last week.
W: Oh, I didn\'t know you would have a showroom there, I’d be glad to go and have a tour around the exhibition.
M: Just tell me when it would be convenient for you and we can arrange for the tour.
W: Let me see. How about next Monday afternoon around 2:00?
M: That’s fine. I’ll be over at 1:30. It’s only a ten- to fifteen-minute drive from your department.
W: I can drive there in my own car. Shall we meet at the main gate of the trade fair?
M: That’s Ok. I’ll be at the main gate at about 1:50. See you then.
W: Right. Goodbye.
11. Why is the man telephoning the woman?
12. What is the man’s profession according to the conversation?
13. When will the woman be free to visit the showroom at the trade fair?
14. Where will the man and the woman meet at the trade fair?
【解析】
文章背景：本篇属于情景对话，首先应当抓住关键词Purchasing Department，接下来的对话就比较好理解了。在对话中男人打电话邀请女人去交易会，然后互相约定了时间和见面地点。对话内容比较简单，也无特别复杂的单词，但需要特别注意对话中时间和日期的表达。
关键词：
Purchasing Department 采购部；
showroom n. 陈列室；
trade fair 商品交易会；
exhibition n. 展览会；
convenient adj. 方便的，适合的；
Questions 15—18
Every human being, no matter where they are from, is born with the ability to smile. A smile is a natural reaction to a positive moment, like a friendly face or a clever joke.
Most babies first smile between 6 and 8 weeks old. At first, it is only the expression made when exercising their facial muscles or passing wind, but once they realize a smile gets them
a lot of attention, huge smiles in return, happy noises, extra treats, they learn to try it again. And why wouldn’t they？It takes 43 muscles to frown, but only 17 to smile.
We smile when we are happy. We smile when we see people we know, but what happens when you are not happy to see someone you know? You smile anyway. You fake a smile. Unfortunately, however, a fake smile never looks quite the same as a real one. In the genuine smile you not only show your lower teeth, but also move the muscles running all the way around the mouth, which in turn makes the skin around the eyes become tighter and then your smile is real.
However, when someone smiles politely rather than because they really want to. They use the muscle which only raises the sides of the mouth and which does not move the muscles at the corners of the eyes, this kind of fake smile is sometimes referred to as the Pan-Am smile as it is named after the former airline whose flight attendants welcomed every passenger with the same forced smile.
15. According to the talk , what is a smile？
16. What happens in a real smile?
17. What do we learn about the Pan-Am smile?
18. Which of the following is not true according to the talk？
【解析】
本篇的话题是smile. 首先介绍what is smile; 然后讲到when and why people smile; 接下来分析了real smile and fake smile, 并在文章最后简要介绍了Pan-Am smile（a kind of fake smile）.
这篇听力整体难度不大，基本没有生僻词，结构也比较简单。考点也依然集中在我们课上讲过的强调词、强调句式附近，比如not only…but also句型，refer to 等等。
Questions 19—22
M: Hello, this is Peter Smith’s speaking.
W: Hello, Peter. Betty’s speaking. I’m calling about the open-door concert in London. Will it still be held this Sunday as is scheduled. It’s been so cold that I haven’t been outside for a week. I do hate the cold.
M: Yes, it’s best to stay indoors in such beastly weather. But I’m afraid I have no idea about the oncoming concert. You noticed your new neighbors who have arrived at NO. 35 though, surely. Perhaps they knew something.
W: Well, I called on them yesterday. They seemed such nice people at first. But now, I’m not so sure.
M: Really? Why?
W: Well, they’re from London. And they think it’s the only place in the world worth talking about.
The wife made some very catty remarks about this area.
M: Londoners always think they are better than other people. But I always find them less cultured. What’s she look like?
W: Quite young and pretty. But she does wear a lot of makeup. And she certainly dyes her hair. Perhaps, she isn’t as young as she looks.
M: Anyway, I don’t want to mix with people like that. Because I knew they would be snobs when I saw their huge car. Surely, they don’t need such a big one.
W: No…Still…My husband says it’s 4 years old. And probably cost less than ours second hand. And ours is certainly as fast as theirs. Besides, it uses so much petrol. You can hardly afford to run it.
19. What has the woman done for the past week?
20. Why is the woman telephoning?
21. What does the man say about Londoners in general?
22. What does the man think of his new neighbor’s car?
【解析】
文章内容为男女对话，难度中等。对话主题从open-door concert、天气，到男女对新邻居的看法。关键词如cold(the beastly weather)，new neighbors，less cultured，snob，以及关键句子如提示女士致电意图的I’m calling about the open-door concert in London.说明女士上个星期做了什么事的It’s been so cold that I haven’t been outside for a week.以及男士对于新邻居的看法But I always find them less cultured等等。对话中没有出现难词，考生在把握整个对话的意思和意图的同时，还需要留心关键词，这样可以根据选项对题目会问些什么做出推测。
Questions 23—26
Most people are too anxious doing tests, their anxiety overshadows or even interferes with the ability to reason and make them less efficient than normal. As a result, they score far lower than they should. This is an unnecessary handicap, especially if you are a student who is going to spent 12 to 16 years or more taking tests. The solution of course is to learn the rules and techniques of successful test taking. Success builds assurance and confidence, which in turn freeze you to perform better and better. Once you realize that eight tenths of your score depends on the way you take a test, it becomes obvious that learning rules of the test-taking game is crucial. It is not complicated, you do not have to be clever, brilliant or dishonest to do it, it is just a matter of observation and practice. Oddly, most people have not really thought much about what is means to make, give and take tests. Once you see tests are school games that have actual little meaning in the real work, once you realize the game has a format that can be recognized, rules that can be mastered, playing strategies that can be learned, it can become as entertaining as crossword puzzles. Mastering test taking like learning to absorb and retrieve information, is part of the process of educating yourself. So the efforts will not be wasted or pointless. Figuring out test is a problem solving experience, and developing confidence to recognize and solve problems is not just a school game, but true educational activity.
23. Why do many students score far lower than they should in the test?
24. According to the speaker what is crucial for successful test-taking?
25. What does the speaker think of the school tests?
26. Which of the following is not an educational activity?
【解析】
文章背景：本文属于一般的议论文问题，探讨的是关于考试的话题。作者认为通过学习一些考试技巧可以有效提高成绩并且提升个人的自信；作者认为这也是一种具有教育意义的行为。
本文难度不大，只需掌握基本核心词汇，基本不影响学生理解做题。
关键词：
anxious adj. 焦虑的；
overshadow v. 遮蔽，使相形见绌；
handicap n. 障碍，缺陷；
crucial adj. 至关重要；
format n. 设计，安排，格式；
master v. 掌握；精通；
Questions 27—30
Woman: I have a really strange experience while I was walking around on Saturday morning.
Man: Oh, what was it?
Woman: There was a crowd and at first I thought there had been an accident. But then I saw that they were making a movie.
Man: That’s not so strange. You see a lot of film crews around the town these days.
Woman: Yes, but when I started to walk away, one of the men called me over. He turned out to be the director.
Man: Really? The director himself?
Woman: Believe it or not. He wanted me to be in the picture!
Man: No kidding! Did he want you to say anything or were you just a part of the crowd?
Woman: I didn’t say anything, but I had to do something. This woman in pajamas was in the phone booth.
Man: Did you know who she was? Was she somebody famous?
Woman: She wasn’t anybody I knew. Anyway, I had to walk up to the phone booth, then when I saw there was somebody in it, I had to look disgusted and walk away.
Man: You mean we’ll be able to see your face in it when it comes out?
Woman: Well, maybe, but you know how it is. I’ll probably be cut out before anybody ever sees the movie.
Man: How long did it take? Don’t they have to shoot those scenes over and over again?
Woman: It didn’t take that long. After we’d done it four times, the director said everything was Ok!
Man: I hope you got paid.
Woman: They took my name and address and they said they’d sent me a check.
Man: Wonderful! Now we’re going to have a movie star in the office.
27. What was the woman’s strange experience?
28. According to the woman, who was in the phone booth when she was approaching it?
29. What was the woman supposed to do as she saw somebody in the phone booth?
30. What is the most likely relationship between the man and the woman in the conversation?
【解析】
本对话讲述了一位女士被一个电影摄制组请去当了一回演员的经历。内容比较简单，难度不大，整体把握好对话的意思。在一问一答之间，女士比较详细地描述当时拍摄的场景，从她被摄制组的导演选中，以及女士在其中所要做的动作 “I didn’t say anything…I had to walk up to the phone booth…had to look disgusted and walk away” 虽然没考到，但是我们在听的时候也要保持对数字的高度敏感，及时记录下相关数据。最后一题考人物关系，题型比较常见，通常从对方说话的语气就能推测出，文章最后还给出 “in the office” 这个很明显的提示，所以在听听力时，不要急躁，一定要听到最后一个单词为止。
重点词汇：
film crews 影片摄制组；
disgusted adj. 厌恶的，厌烦的；
shoot v. 摄影；射击；
picture n. 照片；影片；
1. Sentence Translation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
(1) Interesting work, enough money, plenty of exercise and entertainment, that’s my idea of a good and healthy life.
工作有趣，钱赚的够多，足够的锻炼和娱乐，这就是我所认为的健康良好的生活。
(2) -- I don’t like the student canteen on campus.
-- What’s wrong with it?
-- It is interested in making money rather than serving good and inexpensive foods for us students.
-- 我不喜欢学校食堂？
-- 有什么问题吗？
-- 食堂只想着赚钱，而不是为学生提供良好的物美价廉的餐饮服务。
(3) Young people should be encouraged to see the value of all trades and professions. They should look upon the careers they’ve chosen with interest and pride.
应该鼓励年轻人看到各行各业的价值。他们应该对自己的工作充满兴趣和自豪。
(4) I think the best course of action will be to consult our lawyer before we sign the contract. Anyway this is a big deal and is vital for our company.
我认为最好还是先咨询我们的律师之后再签约，不管怎么说，这都是一笔大买卖，对我们公司来说至关重要。
(5) Over 12 thousand visitors attended the trade fair this year. This not only equals an increase by 20%, almost 2,400 visitors from last year, but it’s also a new visitor record.
今年，一万两千多名游客参观了我们的贸易展销会。相比去年增加了20%，比去年多了2400人，而且创下历年参展人数的新高。
2. Passage Translation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.
(1) Australia is almost a continent by itself. The vastness of the land, the relative small population, and the rich natural resources make the country the most ideal place to live. For the past decade, Australia has increased its exports of raw materials to China, which in turn has greatly aided its economy. However, because of the global financial crisis, Australia’s economy has shown signs of slow-down. The Australian dollar is said to have lost its value against the US dollar by 10 percent in the last three weeks.
澳大利亚差不多本身就是一个洲。广袤的土地、稀少的人口和丰富的自然资源，使澳大利亚成为最理想的居住地。在过去十年间，澳大利亚增加了对中国原材料的出口，反过来也大大地促进了其经济的发展。然而，由于全球金融危机，澳大利亚的经济已出现放缓迹象。据说过去三周内，澳元对美元的汇率已下降了10%。
(2) In today’s world, your personal security is largely your financial security. A balanced checkbook and a savings account not only increase your future options, but also protect your cool lifestyle. Money makes it easier to live in a safe area, to have nutritious diet, and to get a sound education. Although there is still no absolute protection from all of life hazards, wise financial planning can soften its harshest blow.
在现今世界，人身安全很大程度上取决于财务安全。收支平衡和个人储蓄账户不仅能够让自己的未来有更多的选择，同时也能保护自己安定的生活方式。有钱可以让人更容易地生活在安全的区域，享受有营养的美食，接受良好的教育。虽然目前还没什么能确保生命免受一切危害，但是明智的财务规划可以降低严重灾害的危害程度。
【解析】
第一篇文章围绕澳大利亚这一话题展开，资源，原材料，出口，金融危机，等词语也是口译经常出现的词语。段落中并没有什么难词、生词，还是比较容易理解的。关键是要求考生平时注意积累，对vastness of the land，relative small population, the rich natural resources等一些常见名词词组熟悉，并能够迅速翻译成汉语。最后一句话The Australian dollar is said to have lost its value against the US dollar by 10 percent in the last three weeks.是被动语态，在翻译时要注意，译成“据说”“据称”，比较符合汉语表达习惯。同时要注意10 percent之前by的翻译。
第二篇文章讲的是财物安全和规划的问题，属于社会问题，也是口译经常考的一类题。整篇的难度一般，除了个别单词拼写有些难度，如nutritious，hazard，还有个别冠词需要大家注意，其余的则主要是翻译问题了。我们常考到的数字问题或是细节问题，同学们听懂的基础上，合理笔记，全篇翻译一般问题不大。A balanced checkbook and a savings account not only increase your future options, but also protect your cool lifestyle.此处冠词不必翻译。这样的小翻译技巧都是需要考生掌握的，否则，译文就会很生硬，不符合汉语表达。另外，although这一类表达转折的词，都是很重要的信息，不仅对翻译，对听力理解都是很重要的。
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